Taking into account the importance in ecological terms, botanicals, zoos or limnological of the wetlands of Colombia, was posed as objective to characterize the phytoplankton in three systems muddy: the complex Pajarales (CPAJ), the way to the park island of Salamanca (VIPIS), and the Cienaga del Cerro San Antonio (CCSA), located in the Colombian Caribbean. In each swamp were established between 4 and 5 sampling stations, in each of them was determined dissolved oxygen, temperature, conductivity, transparency, nitrogen nutrients, phosphate and silicates. For the collection of phytoplankton samples, trawls were carried out with plankton mesh (qualitative) and by means of vandorn (quantitative) bottle, which were fixed with Transeau and Lugol solution respectively. In the laboratory, organisms were identified and quantified to the lowest possible taxonomic level. The results showed that each swamp presented particular characteristics according to its physicochemical conditions, and the dynamics influenced mainly by the mixture of freshwater and marine in CPAJ and VIPIS, while in CCSA was only freshwater. A total of 102 species of phytoplankton were found, although only13 of them were in the three systems. The marshes presented eutrophic characteristics, due to the abundance of phytoplankton, the dominance of cyanobacteria and the high concentrations of nutrients. It was observed a great redundancy of species within the swamps studied, product of a few resources exploited by the same group of organisms, in a competitive dynamic generated most likely by the pulse of flood of the river Magdalena in these Systems.
Contrary to conventional partial discharge (PD) which is induced by the insulation degradation in power system, we detect PD induced by the oil bubble in the 345-kV power transformer. To prove PD is accurately induced by the oil bubble, we observe PD at 07:45 AM. At this time, the power transformer operates in light-load condition and no bubble appears, therefore, no PD occurs. Then, to check if bubble and PD occur at the same time, at 10:30 AM, the power transformer operates in full-load condition, the oil temperature increase to 55℃. Certainly, the bubbles are observed in the oil, also PD occurs. The bubble PD increases the power loss of the power transformer which raises the oil temperature again. To detect PD, the coil sensor is directly attached on the surface of the power transformer to increase the sensitivity of PD detection. PD occurs from the oil bubble, and then, the induced field propagates to the metal tank. The electric field attenuates within the skin depth, however, induction magnetic field passes through the tank and detected by the detecting coil. By using this method, it is found that PD occurs, strengthen, and finally, disappear. Then, relax for a short time, run another PD cycle again. The cycle time of PD is about 1-2 minutes. Therefore, from the bubble observation, partial discharge in the power transformer can be identified.
This research discusses the progress made by the university sector in the use and management of Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) in this key sector of Colombian society. The debate is based on the latest theoretical-documentary trends on digital empowerment in this educational context and emphasizes not only the evolution of this concept from its implementation but also reflects the state of the art about the management of these technologies in the fields of teaching-learning at all levels of education. Both the bibliographic archaeology carried out, and the analysis of the different theoretical-documentary positions discussed, result in challenges and questions that remain to be solved in the different dimensions derived from digital empowerment. The approach to these challenges aims to promote and promote innovative technological education through digital empowerment that allows for a better relationship and interaction between the university sector and the rest of the key sectors of society where the professional will be trained.
The Rhodophyta algae are a group of organisms whose chemistry has diversified to ecological and even evolutionary level, helped them to evade organism that consume them as food source (herbivore), pathogens and competitors by allelopathical action. The interaction of its secondary metabolites with the rest of the biological community components, represents a major importance in the temperate and tropical marine systems. Its secondary metabolites have used as medicinal and cosmetic agents mainly, even as food for cattle and human being, what makes them an important economic resource. This review pretends give a small introduction to secondary metabolites in Rhodophyta under general, ecological and applied aspects.
With the aim of making a Rapid Ecological Assessment of macroinvertebrates associated with sea grass present in the Cabo de la Vela in La Guajira. Ranked four sampling points along the coast designated as Puerto Bolivar (PB), Tourist Area (ZT), Fishing (ZP), and Rancheria Carrizal (RC), which took a biological sample in a direct way with a quadrant of 50 x 50 cm (0.25 m2), additionally took values for the following physico-chemical parameters in situ: pH, temperature (T), conductivity (EC), salinity, redox potential (Pot-redox), total dissolved solids (TDS), dissolved oxygen (DO), and turbidity. In addition, with water samples preserved in conditions of low temperature is conducted further analysis of total alkalinity and concentration of nitrite in water quality Laboratories of the University of La Guajira. Sediment was collected for the sieve analysis and organic potential; the findings showed a total of 167 organisms grouped in 19 families. The species with the greatest number of agencies were the bivalve Chione cancellata (38 organism) and the polychaete Hediste Diversicolor (28 organisms. In relation to the potential professional staff, the ZP, was in the area with the highest quantity (7%), while the RC was the point with a lesser amount (2%).The sieve analysis showed a similar trend, since only to the ZP very fine gravel presented a greater amount with respect to the rest of the fractions. his type of ecological evaluations, they help to inventory quickly and promptly the diversity of organism�s macroinvertebrates, as well as serve to know the available resources, and thus make a sustainable use.
Osteoporosis is a progressive disease in which bones become weaker and eventually ends up with bone fractures. This systematic review was aimed to identify the easily available herbs with exact evidences that show the potentiality of anti-osteoporosis activity or inhibit osteo-clastogenesis or improving osteoblast activity to benefit to support the person suffering from osteoporosis . PubMed, Google scholar was used to filter articles up to December 2019. Search term such as ‘osteoporosis’, osteoclastogenesis’, ‘botanical name of the herbs’ and ‘common name of the herbs’ were used. Out of 119 articles, 46 were selected for this review. Herbs in this review showed its potentiality by different ways: improved bone metabolism or prevent bone loss or promote bone formation and improve bone strength. Five such herbs were identified from this review which are commomly available in the local market in Sri Lanka and exhibits the exact evidences on the effectiveness of osteoporosis.
Background: Diabetic nephropathy (DN) refers to the deterioration of kidney function seen in chronic diabetes mellitus. The exact pathway of MSCs-based treatment in DN and how they modulate the pathogenesis progression is not fully understood. The current study aimed to study the effect of MSCs in DN animal model. Materials and methods: Rats were divided into DN group, which were given a single intraperitoneal injection of 60 mg/kg streptozotocin (STZ) and MSCs treated group, which were given a single-dose of MSCs (106cells) intravenously per rat. B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2) and organic cation transporter 1 (Oct1) gene expression were assessed in the injured kidneys after 8 weeks and histopathological assay was performed.Results: STZ group exhibited necrosis, pyknosis cytoplasmic vaculation, enlarged glomeruli obliterated filtration space and tubular lumen. Besides, fibrosis, infiltration of inflammatory cells and amyloid casts were observed peri and intra tubular. While, MSCs treated group showed absence of amyloid deposits and scanty collagen fibers in the capsular wall, peritubular and intraglomerular capillaries. Bcl-2 and Oct1 relative mRNA expressions were significantly up-regulated in MSCs treated diabetic group with respect to STZ group. Conclusion: In DN animal model, our data highlighted the contribution of MSCs in improving fibrosis and apoptosis. As well as their ability in clearing amyloid deposits, that may provide a standpoint toward the candidacy of MSCs in autophagy-enhancing.
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a degenerative, age related joint disease and there is still no hope for a permanent cure. However, non-steroid anti-inflammatory drugs are prescribed to relieve pain. Nevertheless, these synthetic medications cause various side effects including gastritis, gastric ulcer and even renal failure on prolong and irrational usage. In contrast, Traditional Medical Practitioners are treating patients with OA for thousands of years with safe and effective herbs. This study was aim to identify the evident based herbal interventions (internal and external) to disseminate effective and safe the herbal practice to improve the condition of OA. The PubMed advanced and google scholars were searched to filter the articles. The keywords such as, ‘Botanical name of the herb’ OR ‘Common name’ with the keyword ‘osteoarthritis’ were used to filter articles up to 2019. Fifty-nine articles were filtered and 34 were excluded which contained duplicated experimental data or not directly relate to this study. This review exhibits the fact that some simple and easily available herbs provide satisfactory relief to the patients with least or no side effects.
Recent days challenge in the image processing is image forgery’. Copy –move image plays a vital role as it performed by the editing tools such as tampering post processing, watermarking etc. Efficient tools are essential to analyse the image forgery detection. In this propose we designed this system to detect forgery by using the method of Local Binary Pattern (LBP) to extract feature of overlapping blocks. The image is initially disintegrated into blocks which overlap using LBP and Discrete Wavelet Transformer (DWT) is applied on the image to calculate the utilization of the production of lighting an image. Principle component analysis PQ is to match each overlapping blocks between chunks and the feature extraction. Support Vector Machine (SVM) identifies and determines the image, calculates the standard deviation of the image light is to detect the forges image.