In today\'s world, there is a growing interest in the northern territories. This is not least due to climate change. According to many scientists, these changes will make the natural resources of the North more accessible to human activities. This makes it relevant to determine ways to further develop the North and the Arctic based on the experience already accumulated in this area.\nThis article analyzes the experience of the Soviet Union in the development of the Siberian North and determines its relevance for the formation of the current Russian policy of development of the northern territories. In the XX century, the role of the North has changed. The development of the northern territories became an important socio-economic and political goal of the Arctic States. As one of the leading Canadian Northern scientists, J. Stager aptly noted: \"New technology has turned the physical, geographical, and biological elements of the northern landscape into resources.\" The 20th Party Congress, which went down in history by debunking the cult of Stalin\'s personality, decided to \"accelerate the development of rich natural resources in the eastern regions\" at the highest state level. It was about a radical change in the place of Siberia in the country\'s economy. The ideal model for the development of the North of Siberia was associated with the industrial development of its raw materials. In fact, the industrialization of the region was identified with the rationalization of economic management in the North, that is, the industrial development of the territory a priori meant the rational use of natural resources.\nThe Siberian North was rapidly becoming industrial and urban. The scale of development of the northern territories required planning and implementation of science-based approaches to the integrated socio-economic development of the region taking into account its characteristics. This was one of the most important problems. Very often, in relation to the North, the so-called \"midland pattern\" was applied. That is, when developing many issues of technical equipment and organization of production in the regions of the North, the specifics of the region, its natural, socio-economic, demographic, and other features were not taken into account. This reduced the efficiency of management in the North and led to many social, economic, and environmental problems. In order to effectively develop the Siberian North and preserve its natural environment, it was necessary to develop a regional policy in all its aspects: economic, scientific, environmental, etc. It did not happen. It was impossible to overcome the \"midland pattern\" in the Soviet period.\nThis experience should be taken into account by the current Russian state. In developing the Russian North, it is necessary to rely not only on the vertical of power and state corporations, but also on civil society. This will help avoid many environmental problems in the future when moving further into the Arctic.
The role of anthropogenic carbon dioxide (CO2) in global warming and climate change is confusing. Experts in greenhouse effects predict that changes in ocean level and atmospheric temperature, which are still presently very small, will increase considerably in distant future. On the other hand, the loss of ices is already dramatic. Greenhouse gases, in particular CO2, are said responsible for the global warming but they do not explain the dominance of ice loss relative to atmosphere and ocean temperature increases. On the basis of chemical and physical fundamentals, it was previously shown that anthropogenic heat released between 1994 and 2017 had provided enough heat to have melted the ices lost during the same long period. To further investigate this approach, the present contribution compares the management of solar heat on Earth with the thermodynamic cycle used to control the temperature in refrigerators. The discussion shows that solar heat and anthropogenic heat are managed similarly using water as refrigerant, and that equilibria between water physical states buffers global warming. It is also shown that the combustion of fossil hydrocarbons is releasing a huge amount of water that has been stored for millions of years as hydrogen in hydrocarbon fossil sources of energy. However, this extra water remains minor compared with the water issued from ices loss. The last part proposes to use heat-cycle assessment from cradle to grave as means to compare different energy sources in the search for ways to minimize anthropogenic heat release and possibly global warming. Water electrolysis could then be a climate- and environment-friendly source of renewable hydrogen-based energy provided the electricity necessary to generate hydrogen can be produced on a large scale with better heat-cycle and life-cycle than traditional sources.
The all-sided information provided by greenhouse gas experts is disturbing. Future ocean level and atmosphere temperature raises are assigned to an increase of \"greenhouse effect\" caused by the surplus of carbon dioxide of anthropogenic origin. Reducing the fossil sources of carbon dioxide is therefore the recommended solution. Considered as negligible in the past, global Anthropogenic Heat Release (AHR), the heat issued from the production and the uses of the various sources of energy produced in the world, is more and more regarded as a factor that may affect the climate. So far, AHR has been evaluated from local urban contributions using hypotheses and calculations. As an alternative, the global anthropogenic heat released between 1994 and 2017 was estimated from the energy supplied by the main sources of energy after conversion in oil equivalents. Comparison was made of the resulting AHR estimate with an underestimate of the energy that was necessary to melt the ices lost during the same period reported as c.a. 28 trillion tonnes in the recent literature. Both energies were found with the same order of magnitude expressed in zeta joules. The anthropogenic heat released in the environment appeared sufficient to have caused the melting of a large part of the ices lost during the selected 23 years period. The discussion showed that the lost ices acted as a buffer absorbing the AHR thermal energy that otherwise would have heated the environment. The roles of anthropogenic heat and of the equilibria between ice ↔ liquid ↔ vapour ↔ liquid phase-transfer involving the various phases of water are discussed. It is shown that they may qualitatively explain the still rather small global variations of atmospheric temperature and ocean level in comparison with the considerable ices loss now obvious. A few years should be enough to check the consistency of the climate-controlling roles given to AHR, ices loss, and water-interphase equilibria, especially if ices loss and AHR continue to rise while fighting anthropogenic CO2 is succesful in the close future. In case of confirmation, replacing CO2-producing sources of energy to limit ices loss and climate perturbations may turn to be insufficient if the CO2-free sources supply equivalent amounts of anthropogenic heat. It is controlling the population and its bulimia of energies that will have to be promoted.
The article presents tools for an overall assessment of enterprise development in terms of risks.\nThe identified key parameters of the given diagnostic system are: а) the development magnitude level of the company – net profit (loss) of the enterprise; net income from product sales; prime cost; the average annual value: assets, fixed assets, current assets; the average number of employees; the personnel\'s level of educational and professional potential; b) the level of development quality of the business entity - the defect-free production rhythmicity coefficient; the level of consumer satisfaction needs by finished products.
In Colombia, amputations are not only due to cardiovascular or traumatic causes. According to the Presidential Program for Action against Antipersonnel Mines, amputations inflicted by this type of mines increased between 1990 and 2020 due to the predominance of the armed conflict (mainly in the lower members). The most used method for the amputee is the prosthesis, however, the prosthetic adaptation requires processes and procedures that go according to each individual, existing one generalized, the alignment of the prosthesis. Alignment is the key element of an optimal prosthetic function. The relationship between the prosthesis, the patient, and the components of the prosthesis, critically affects the functional performance and comfort. An application was made in MATLAB� environment, making use of Neural Networks of Generalized Regression (GRNN), which allows predicting biomechanical data from the alignment of the prosthesis socket. A graphical user interface was developed to show the functioning of the algorithm, this was validated with recorded data of amputees, which allowed to evaluate the repeatability and accuracy of the results obtained. This application seeks to build a support system for the prosthetics technician to improve the rehabilitation process of a person using transtibial prosthesis.