Although, superovulation is widely used for obtaining maximum number of oocytes from a female, but inconsistent superovulatory response is a great challenge since last few decades and may be related to the gonadotropin’s type and more precisely to the timing of gonadotropin treatment. In current study, we evaluated the superovulatory response with respect to stage of estrous cycle in BALB/c mice treated with commonly used gonadotropins (FSH or eCG). Mice were first screened for stage of estrous cycle through vaginal cytology and then treated with either FSH (Four doses, 2.5 IU per does; SC,) or eCG (Single dose, 5 IU; IP). Total number of oocyte/cleaved embryos (36 hours post hCG) and somites (9.5 dpc) were compared for all stages of estrous cycle against both treatment groups (FSH or eCG). The results revealed that stage of estrous cycle did not affect the total number of recovered oocytes and cleaved embryos in FSH-treated mice (P > 0.05). However, in eCG-treated group higher (P < 0.05) number of oocytes and embryos were recovered at proestrus and estrus stages, while numbers of cleaved embryos were higher (P < 0.05) at proestrus. Furthermore, no significant difference was observed in embryo quality regarding number of somites at any stage of estrous cycle in both gonadotropin groups. Further, the supervoulatory response in BALB/c mice was comparatively better in eCG group than FSH. These findings indicate that superovulatory response in eCG treatment is stage dependent. While, FSH can be injected at any time as superovulatory response was independent of stage of estrous cycle.
_In the context of the increasing level of globalization, one of the main challenges for the economies of the countries is to increase competitiveness through innovative development. Innovative development is in constant dynamics of change. That is why the main task in conducting the incentive policy is to constantly analyze the disadvantages of the functioning mechanism of state regulation and to find ways to improve its effectiveness.\nIdentification of problems and disadvantages of the modern mechanism of state regulation of innovative development of Ukrainian economy.\nWe evaluated the use of mechanism of state regulation tools, namely: regulatory, administrative, financial, motivated, informational and organizational. We also determined the index of the current economic condition, the intensity of structural changes in the number of industrial enterprises and the intensity of structural changes in the total amount of budget financing for innovative activities in 2013–2017. A statistical evaluation of the results of the studied indices was determined using the Salai and Gatev coefficients.\nThe state of innovative development of the Ukrainian economy is investigated, problems and disadvantages of the modern mechanism of state regulation of innovative development are revealed. The assessment of the use of instruments of the mechanism of state regulation of innovative development of the economy for regulation of spheres providing innovative development of the economy. The state of innovative infrastructure is analyzed, the state of the socio-economic environment of the country is estimated using the index of current economic capacity. The scale of structural shifts was quantified using the integral coefficient of structural changes of A. Salai and the integral coefficient of structural differences of K. Gatiev. Factors of influence on innovative economic development and structural changes of industrial-innovative enterprises are determined. Recommendations for solving existing problems of innovative economic development are given.\nThus,we identifinedsuch problems as low level of communication between the entities of the mechanism of state regulation of innovative development, problem of effective use of the tool, low infrastructural support, failure to observe the basic principles of state regulation, poor quality and environmental status of state regulation of innovative development, lack of monitoring.
The views of the people in the Ogan Ilir region towards the Simbur Cahaya Law are very positive, because the law makes the community more orderly, besides that this law contains very supportive rules, and holds the moral values that are in line with the teachings of Islamic law. The existence of this law is unity in applying the law, especially as it relates to the association of Single bachelors. The behavior and association of Single bachelors in current conditions may be said to have deviated significantly from applicable legal provisions, both state and Islamic law. The Simbur Cahaya Law is a historical result; for this reason, the existence of the Simbur Cahaya Law can be a future reference for protecting and regulating behavior towards bachelor girls and applying severe sanctions for those who commit sexual harassment.