The novel coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) become pandemic worldwide. The COVID-19 starts spreading from China and then expanded all over the world. It is the major source of the emerging respiratory disease outbreaks. It is a critical public health crises adding an insult to all health care units. The virus spreads faster than severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) and Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV). It is a highly transmissible and pathogenic virus possessing a large genomic variety. CoVID-19 first case was due to animal to human transmission. The patient was connected directly to Huanan seafood market of Wuhan. The virus could also be transmitted from human-to-human. The elderly with underlying diseases are more vulnerable to infection and are susceptible to serious consequences. Several therapeutic trials have been tested on COVID-19 infected patients. Therapeutic policies used with this infection are only supportive and preventative measures. Using of convalescent plasma in the treatment of positively infected patients showed a significant reduction in the morbidity and viral load. Also chloroquine shows a gorgeous response and safety against COVID-19. A few specific antiviral drugs need more investigation. Studying the previous spread of MERS and SARS infections gave us the knowledge of how to reduce further transmission of COVID-19 and hence its fatality. Healthcare units must strictly follow the standards of infection control particularly in emergency sections. In this review, we summarized the latest research concerning the genomic characteristics, epidemiology, pathogenesis, potential therapeutic options and infection control and prevention of the current COVID-19.

The Bogotá River, located in the department of Cundinamarca, is the main fluvial channel in the savanna near the Colombian Capital District of Bogotá. This study sought to assess factors associated with this water source, where pollution stems from human activities performed at the upper basin and along the river, through the measurement of pollution microbiological indicators, such as the total coliforms and Escherichia coli groups. For the said purpose, a descriptive qualitative research methodology was imple-mented. To this end, a multitemporal analysis of these indicators was performed across 32 stations com-prising this basin’s monitoring network. Samples were assessed through defined substrate technology by the Autonomous Regional Corporation of Cundinamarca, which also provided annual rainy and dry sea-son data for 2007–2017. According to microbiological quality analysis conducted in the upper basin of the Bogotá River, the concentration of total coliforms and Escherichia coli has increased as a result of domes-tic and agricultural wastewater discharges, thus unearthing the existent shortcomings in the wastewater treatment systems implemented in these municipalities and causing negative effects on the population and ecosystem. A major constraint was the lack of data from La Floresta station. This article is aimed at dis-closing the current condition of the upper basin of the Bogotá River and discussing the control measures related to the right to water that must be exercised by the governmental bodies and the Colombian Gov-ernment itself.

Aims. To identify the prevalence of seventeen stroke risk factors in a community sample and examine differences in the risk factor rates between rural and urban areas of East Slavonia.\n\nMethods. A total of 240 randomly selected men and women, aged 35–81 years, from two family medicine practices, one in urban (Osijek) and one in rural (village Koška) area of East Slavonia, were enrolled in the study. A structured questionnaire, physical examination, ECG records and a battery of laboratory tests were employed.\n \nResults. High total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, obesity, and hypertension were the most prevalent risk factors for stroke found in as many as 86% of participants. Compared to participants form urban area, arterial hypertension (odds ratio OR, 2.22; 95% confidence interval CI, 1.28-3.84), high total cholesterol (OR, 2.86; 95% CI 1.25-6.52), high LDL-cholesterol (OR, 2.06; 95% CI 1.00-4.20), obesity (OR, 2.46; 95% CI 1.32-4.59) and high levels of psychosocial stress (OR, 2.41; 95% CI 1.20-4.84) were more predominant in rural area, whereas physical inactivity (OR, 0.56; 95% CI 0.37-0.94) was more prevalent among urban participants.\n\nConclusion. The present study revealed a high prevalence of stroke risk factors, especially those known as „lifestyle factors“, in a sample of urban and rural inhabitants of East Slavonia. However, study results could not substantiate the usually held notion that stroke risk factors are more prevalent among urban inhabitants.