The study aims to undertake livelihood vulnerability assessment (LVA) of forest dwellers in Jharkhand and Odisha. These forest dwellers are the tribes including the particularly vulnerable tribal groups (PVTGs) in both the states. The authors combined both participatory and survey based approaches and used simple indexing method for the LVA. The study covers 15 tribes that include eight PVTGs distributed in eight districts with four districts each from Jharkhand and Odisha. The factors considered for the selection of districts are forest density, tribal and PVTGs population, poverty and backwardness (MPI & HDI) in the state. The authors observed that the PVTGs who are associated with shifting cultivation and without or with little private landholdings are the most vulnerable. Thus, urgent attention is required to strengthen livelihood opportunities for these forest dwelling communities.

This paper presents a brief concise overview of the basic contemporary approaches for evaluation of resistance and durability of loaded polymer composite materials when combined with the effects the environment. The decisive degradation mechanisms, such as microstructural changes, cracking of matrix, impacts of surroundings, oxidation, and hydrothermal effects, are characterised. In more detail there are mentioned the knowledge of separated mechanisms of damage, reaction of polymer composites to cyclic loadings, carbon nanotubes as reinforcement in composites, using the pursued composites in the health case industrial as dental implants or viscoelastic vibration damping materials and mechanical behaviour of composites reinforced with natural fibres. The possibilities of their recycling are briefly mentioned. There are essentially two expedited methods of their testing: accelerated testing and accelerated ageing. As an example of their application, there are presented the possibilities of combining a short-term micro-indentation method with a long-term evaluation of several types of climatic loading as well as with utilization of the new creep damage index.

Background:\nBitumen is a prominent material used in the construction industry, most especially the road construction industry where it is used as a binder material in flexible pavement construction. Nigeria has one of the largest natural bitumen deposits existing in the South-Western part of the country, with the potential of full exploitations. \nObjectives:\nThis research assessed the rheology, stability and microstructural properties of plastic waste modified naturally occurring bitumen asphalt mixture. The naturally occurring bitumen was obtained from Agbabu in Ogun State, Nigeria. \nMethods:\nPolymer waste in the form of water sachets was collected from household waste from Canaan Land, Ota Ogun state. They were dried and shredded before being blended mechanically with the bitumen in proportions of 0, 2.5, 5, 7.5 and 10% by weight of the bitumen samples. Ductility, flash point test penetration test, marshal stability, marshal flow as well as SEM tests were carried out on the modified samples. Response surface analysis was also carried out to show the relationship between the parameters assessed. \nResults:\nIt was concluded from the results that the addition of the plastic waste polymer resulted in the improvements of the binder properties. It was also revealed that the polymer content of 7.5% showed the most desirable improvements and 10% showed some unfavourable outcomes indicating that polymer addition of high percentages could be detrimental. The result from the SEM test for the samples showed an enhancement in the microstructural properties of the binder, with reduction of air voids and a decrease in pore sizes of the binder at 7.5% addition of the polymer waste. \nConclusion:\nThe outcome of the research will aid highway engineers towards the construction of sustainable pavement using naturally occurring bitumen.

In a bid to reduce the cost of lime in improving the strength properties of pavement interlayer material in road construction, bamboo straw ash was utilized in this research. The engineering properties of lateritic samples from two different locations in Northern Nigeria were assessed in the research. The soil samples were stabilized with increasing percentage of lime at 0%, 2%, 4%, 6%, 8%, 10%, and 12%. A 2% benchmark was selected for the addition of Bamboo Straw Ash (BSA) in a bid to reduce the cost of lime. The index properties, compaction (maximum moisture content, maximum dry density), CBR, safe bearing capacity and ultimate bearing capacity of the lime stabilized samples with BSA were evaluated using ASTM D4318-10 standards. The plasticity Index reduced from 17.44 to 16.44 and from 18.22 to 14.32 for the two samples respectively. Correspondingly, the Liquid Limit reduced from 44.88 to 44.01 for sample A and 43.22 to 40.01 for sample B which signifies an improvement in the alterberg limits. The addition of BSA+ lime at 4% brought about a 95.5% increase in the CBR value of sample A. However, 6% addition of BSA brought about 91.5% increment in the CBR value of soil sample B. Furthermore, the use of BSA improved the UCS and the safe bearing capacity of the sample which signifies increase in strength and consistency. This may be as a result of the influence of the tensile, flexural strength and rigidity of BSA. Ultimately, the use of BSA provides a green alternative in improving the strength properties of pavement interlayer material in road construction.

The main problem with smart mobile devices is how to charge them easily to get the power supply. The wireless charge is the new method for those smart mobile devices in the coming generation. We survey the factor of inductance turns of coil to improve wireless charging, such as space distance, charge amount, and charging time. For the performance analysis, we evaluated induction coil of the wireless charging via different antenna shapes and lengths. The results from experiments, it is the shape of antenna with circular or square at 20 laps, those inductance values are individually 13.4μH and 9.87μH. We also compared the exited market selling wireless charger to the issues work with 3mm distance.

This paper is initiated with this preference that the proposed model is capable of modeling against the bath-tub shaped failure rate phenomena. For this, we exponentiated the Mustapha Type – I model, and a new model refers to as the Exponentiated Muhammad (EM) distribution. We explore a diverse range of mathematical and reliability measures. Further, we suggest a method of maximum likelihood for the estimation of model parameters and a simulation study is recommended too. The strength of EM distribution is assessed by modeling in two real-life data.

This article studies the expansion of employment opportunities, the use of productive labor force, and the provision of decent wages, which are instrumental in determining long-term economic growth. A decent wage will increase labor income, the increase in income will increase the purchasing power of workers, and the increase in purchasing power will in turn increase effective demand. General issues that apply in relation to minimum wage increases are trends that have a positive impact on income, prices and employment opportunities, and economic growth. The problems in this study were analyzed using Input-Output analysis with the Supply Side approach. Analysis results show that wage increases will positively impact employment opportunities. To achieve optimal allocation, the government should not issue unemployment compensation or subsidies for recruitment costs. In addition, because companies and households experience catastrophic consequences related to minimum wages, the government does not intervene in the labor market to influence wage levels and does not set minimum wages. What the government can do is to make the right expenditure for the right success.

Nowadays the construction industry is rapidly growing with the new and advanced technologies. Flat slabs are the one type of slabs widely used and becoming popular in the construction industry. The reason for the acceptance of flat slab in the construction industry is mainly due to its advantages over the conventional slab system. Flat slabs are the slabs which support directly on the column without the presence of beam. As per Indian code provision IS 456-2000 two methods are permitted for the analysis of flat slab. They are the direct design method and equivalent frame method. Another method that can be used for the analysis of the flat plate is the finite element method. This paper explains briefly about the analysis of real size flat plate based on the direct design method and finite element method. This paper presents the modelling and analysis of a flat plate by using finite element software called ABAQUS. It is concluded that the direct design method is an approximate method and agrees with the finite element analysis results.

The objective of this article to analyze the link between digital empowerment and the role of companies from entrepreneurship, innovation and the use of Information and Communication Technologies in their role as a social include that promotes accessibility and accessibility integration, with the aim of determining the extent to which the adoption of information and communication technologies (ICTs) by companies foster and consolidate the transition to new, more competitive companies and with a role of trainers employees with digital empowerment. The main finding is a digital divide between medium and small businesses and large enterprises, with the aggravating aggravation that the latter represent only 14% of the business fabric. This work provides, in turn, a characterization of what would be a digitally empowered business organization within an active and demanding society.

Throughout history the Inuit of Greenland have developed issues that are current in all the societies. Many individuals are touched by them, including children, yet the government struggles to solve these issues. The purpose of this study is to examine how the role of the school system can help children who are experiencing issues and ultimately, how the system can solve these issues. For the research, semi-direct interviews were conducted. All participants were related to the field of education. The role of the teacher was found to be critical; interviewees provided a definition of social issues and well-being in Greenland; suggestions were given to help them live in a more sustainable state of well-being; Greenland should have more educated people in all areas and specifically in education, and teachers should be trained in order to deal with issues that children are experiencing.

In this research work, the decoration of Metal Oxide semiconducting nanoparticles upon the side walls of the functionalized Multiwall Carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) to create the defects attached with the Carboxylate group COOH is presented. To decrease the resistance of the Zinc Oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles or to increase the sensitivity of the MWCNTs, the side walls of the MWCNTs are modified by the ZnO nanoparticles. The MWCNTs based ZnO semiconductor (MWCTs/ZnO) nanostructures are synthesized through the bottom-up approach known as Co-Precipitation method. Some spherical zero-dimensional (0-D) and elongated structures are studied during these experiments. Three samples of MWCNTs based ZnO nanoparticles are synthesized at different temperatures such as at 65oC, 80oC, and 90oC. The XRD results showed that the major diffraction plane of samples has wurtzite hexagonal structure. Similarly, the surface morphology of the prepared sample is observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) which show that, by increasing the temperature of the samples, the ZnO nanoparticles made the cluster of agglomeration on the walls of the MWCNTs. For the internal morphology, the TEM results showed that some of the particles are in spherical shaped and some are elongated. The IR sensing response of the samples is measured by the resistance measuring instrument Keithley meter 2100. The Infrared sensing response of the MWCNTs based ZnO Nano sensor increases for varying their synthesize temperature.