It is well-known that vitamin D status impacts on the mineralization of the skeleton, bone turnover rate, and the occurrence of fractures. Numerous studies have shown a direct relationship between a low serum level of vitamin D and a low bone mineral density (BMD) and an increased risk of non-vertebral and hip fractures. Importantly, vitamin D status is essential for the generation of maximal bone mass and along with other risk factors can largely contribute the development of osteoporosis and other bone metabolic diseases, such as osteomalacia and rickets in children. Among bone metabolic disorders, osteoporosis is the most common chronic skeletal disease with high morbidity and mortality rates and its healthcare costs impose a significant economic burden. The effective prevention of vitamin D deficiency and osteoporosis can be achieved with the timely identification of individuals with an increased risk and appropriate dietary intervention. In this review, the rationale for identifying those at risk for vitamin D deficiency and subsequent osteoporosis was presented on the basis of evolutionary medicine principles. Moreover, we have highlighted the possibility of using selected plants as natural sources of vitamin D for reducing the incidence of vitamin D deficiency. Several other plant-derived compounds, such as phytoestrogens, flavonoids, and polyphenols, which exhibited protective effects on bone metabolism, were also explored for their potential use for nutritional prevention of osteoporosis.
The product wastes regenerated after the washing of natural phosphate rocks was proposed as a removal agent of a colored basic blue 41 dye (BB-41) from artificially contaminated solution. The effect of calcination of these materials was also investigated on their removal properties. These materials were characterized beforehand, as is intended for the removal tests, by chemical analysis, powder XRD, FTIR spectroscopy, TGA-DTA, SEM, and N2 adsorption isotherms. The experimental data indicated that the phosphate waste rocks had higher removal capacity of 93 mg g-1 of BB-41 than the pristine rock with a value of 24 mg/g of BB-41. Upon calcination, the removal capacities reduced by 60 to 70%. The equilibrium data were fitted to four models of isotherms and the experimental data were best fitted to Freundlich model. Meanwhile, Langmuir model was used to estimate the maximum removal capacity of the different solids. \nSemi-empirical theoretical calculations provided a new insight into the removal mechanism as a principle of hydrogen bonding and ionic interaction. The regeneration of the spent products indicated that 80% to 60% removal efficiency was maintained after four cycles, depending on the spent of by products. To close the gap between the theoretical isotherm modeling and the design of single-stage batch absorber, the findings from Freundlich equation was suggested as a design approach for BB-41 removal.
In the present work a sewing needle of standard and commercial type is selected to carry out the required technological function during sewing process. The sewing technology consist of needle penetration in the different layer of the sewn fabric where the needle is subject to a resisting force that can lead to the buckling of the needle. In the present work we will concentrate on the interaction between the lower end of the needle and the top layer of the sewn fabric. Its database will be used to have numerical values for the needle geometrical characteristics that will be associated by needle buckling mechanics. For example length of needle = 60mm (0.06m), cross section (CSA) is constant with F= 1.965 (E-3) m &of; bending stiffness EI = 2.52 N.m2. It’s found that the buckling characteristics of the needle is: P_cr = 104 N, Euler load P_e = 415 N, equivalent length coefficient γ=√(P_e/P_(cr.) )=2, and the elastic stability factor η`=π^2/4 . The elastic buckled line equation of the buckled needle is:\nX=δ [{1-cosγy }] \n=δ [{1-cos〖πy/2l〗 }]
Global photosynthesis is the key element of the recently proposed global carbon \ncycle model. It describes an integral action of ensemble of photosynthesizing \norganisms in large systems, like biosphere and global carbon cycle. At least two \nmain features associated with the participation of global photosynthesis in large \nsystems, differs it from conventional photosynthesis of individual organism. The first \nis the cyclic character of the photosynthesis evolution, and the second is spontaneous \nstriving of global photosynthesis to the ecological compensation point that brings the\ncarbon cycle to a stationary state. It is shown that the conventional photosynthesis \nequation should be modified to describe this process in the biosphere and in the \nglobal carbon cycle. The terms “living matter” and \"sedimentary organic carbon\" \nwere used as an analog of biomass in the equation of global photosynthesis. \nCorresponding changes were made to describe the second product of global \nphotosynthesis-atmospheric oxygen. Considering that the global carbon cycle \nreached the ecological compensation point that occurred in the Miocene, when the \nfurther accumulation of oxygen in the atmosphere and sedimentary organic matter in \nthe earth\'s crust ended, the obtained approximate equations of photosynthesis were \nused to estimate the world’s potential oil resources. To test the predictive capability \nof the model we compared the above characteristic with its analogue, the world\'s \ninitial summary resources, calculated by independent geological methods. In spite of \nvarious assumptions a surprising proximity was found. It evidences that the model \nitself and underlying physical foundations are realistic and can be used as \napproximation in solving different problems in geology, evolution, climatology and \nrelated fields of knowledge.
This article overviews the problems of increasing the efficiency of safety and health management of shift workers in offshore oil and gas industry through the prism of the human factor. It studies the specific features of the environment, hazards and risks, working conditions and professional activities in the offshore sector. The fields of safety and health management of personnel employed on offshore oil platforms are highlighted. It is shown that, despite the sufficient elaboration of the knowledge base on health hazards and mechanisms for their elimination in the traditional system of occupational safety and health protection, the safety and health issues related directly to the human factor have not explored so far. The state-of-the-art of the problem of personnel safety and health in the context of the human factor is investigated. The concept of a person-centered approach to personnel safety and health management is proposed, implying the inclusion of employees in the control loop as the main component in their contextual environment. Based on IoT technologies and e-health solutions, a functional model of a system for continuous remote monitoring of the health of workers during the period of their shift on offshore oil platforms is developed. The architecture and principles of functioning of a distributed intelligent health management system for shift workers in the offshore industry are proposed.