Résumé : le présent article étudie des techniques stylistiques de la phrase périodique ou complexe. Ces types de style portent sur la proposition subordonnée appositive, les invariants stylistiques du sujet et du prédicat de la proposition principale. Dans ce but, nous choisissons d’aborder le style administratif ou politique de l’Union Africaine comme le cadre d’illustration de nos analyses stylistiques. Ainsi, notre objectif vise à montrer que la phrase périodique ou complexe obéit à plusieurs besoins communicationnels : le choix des structures syntaxiques identiques des subordonnées relatives appositives et celui des usages spécifiques de la principale répondraient aux besoins informatifs, intentionnels ou motivationnels, argumentatifs et esthétiques du style spécialisé. Les résultats attendus permettront de prouver et de vérifier si la phrase périodique, dans le domaine politique, visera une création des procédés stylistiques spécifiques pour se conformer aux normes du registre institutionnel ou technolectal.

Malnutrition and heart diseases are common among kidney patients undergoing hemodialysis. A study was conducted to assess the dietary status and lipid profile of hemodialysis patients in Multan. A total of 60 subjects were taken from both sexes, out of which 30 subjects were on maintenance hemodialysis and 30 were healthy. Dietary status particularly estimated total caloric intake/day was assessed by using 24-hour dietary recall method and calculated with the help of Pakistan food composition database 2001. Blood samples were taken from arterio-venous fistula for lipid profile in hemodialysis patients before starting dialysis procedure and healthy subjects by vein puncturing. The results indicated that estimated intake of calories was lower than the recommended intake for hemodialysis patients as compared to healthy subjects. The serum cholesterol, triglyceride (TG) / low density lipoprotein (LDL) levels more than 95th percentile and high density lipoprotein (HDL) less than 40 mg/dL were defined as dyslipidaemia. In current study, common lipid abnormalities were noticed as slightly elevated cholesterol levels, hypertriglyceridemia, and decrease in HDL levels compared to healthy population. This study suggests that assessment of caloric intake/day and its management of hemodialysis patients play a central role in preventing the risk of malnutrition.

In this paper, we strived to explore the effects of thermocapillarity, presence of heat generation/absorption on flow and heat transfer for a MHD non-Newtonian Casson fluid over a stretching sheet with slip velocity in a thin liquid film. The transformed system of ordinary differential equations subject to the boundary conditions describing this phenomenon is solved numerically using fourth order Runge-Kutta integration scheme coupled with the shooting method. By numerical solutions, we could study the effects of slip velocity, thermocapillarity, heat generation/absorption, magnetic parameters and Prendalt number on the velocity, temperature, the local skin-friction coefficient and the local Nusselt number. This study was illustrated in graphics and tables form.

Objectives: The incidence of multiple pregnancy in the industrialized countries due to the use of assisted reproductive technologies has increased over the past two decades. Pregnancy and multiple births are more dangerous than single pregnancies for mother and baby. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of multiple births and complications leading to hospitalization of them.\n\nMaterial and Methods: In a cross-sectional study with the census method sampling we assessed all multiple neonates hospitalized in Fatemieh hospital from September 2014 to September 2015 in terms of: gender, gestational age, birth weight, cause of hospitalization, therapeutic intervention, hospitalization outcome, use of reproductive technologies for pregnancy and delivery route. The collected data were analyzed with SPSS16 software.\n\nResults: Of 10581 deliveries during the study period, 351 was multiple pregnancy and 232 neonates hospitalized, average gestational age was 32 weeks, the mean birth weight 1789 g and the mortality rate 13.7%, respectively. The mean duration of hospitalization was11.36 days and most leading cause of their hospitalization were RDS (4/78%), Prematurity (8/63%), LBW & VLBW (4/56%).\n\nConclusion: Multiple births rate has increased over the past decade in the Hamadan province. The main causes of hospitalization, were prematurity and low birth weight and because of them, mortality rate was high.

Background: Iranian health sector encountered many challenges in resource allocation and health service purchasing during the past decades, the present study deals with the complete content analysis of the relevant national resources from 2007 to 2014 to categorize the main challenges of the present process of health service purchasing for national policymakers.\nMethods:It was a qualitative study which is carried out via the qualitative document analysis. In order to retrieve the related documents, we searched the official websites related to the Ministry of Health and Medical Education, four main Iranian insurance organizations, the Health Committee of the Parliament Profile, strategic vice president’s site and Supreme Insurance Council. After recognition of documents, their credibility and authenticity were evaluated in terms of their publication or adjustment. For the analysis of documents in this study the four step-Scott method was used applying MAXQDA version 10.\nResults:Findings illustrated that health service purchase challenges in the country can be classified in 6 main themes of policy-making, executive, intersectional, natural, legal and informational challenges with 26 subthemes. Furthermore, 5 themes of Basic Benefit Package, Reimbursement, Decision making, Technology and Contract are considered as the main Challenges in pharmaceutical purchasing area containing 13 relevant subthemes. \nConclusions:It seems that according to documents, Iran has faced many structural and procedural problems in the purchase of the best health interventions. So it is highly recommended to consider consequences derived from the present challenges and try to use these evidences in their policy making process in order to decrease the existed problems and move to better procurement of health interventions.

GOVERNMENT EXPENDITURE AND ECONOMIC GROWTH: EVIDENCE FROM NIGERIA\n\nT. A. ODETAYO, Ph.D.\nDepartment of Accountancy,\nOsun State Polytechnic, Iree. Nigeria\ne-mail: deentao@yahoo.com\n \n And\nA.Z. ADEYEMI\nDepartment of Accountancy,\nOsun State Polytechnic, Iree. Nigeria\n\n\n \n Abstract\nThe study examined impact of government expenditure on economic growth with the aid of secondary data obtained from Central Bank of Nigeria for the period of 1978 to 2015. Augmented Dickey Fuller and Philips-Perron Statistic tests were used to check stationarity of the variables employed. Johansen co-integration technique was employed to test long run relationship of the variables. Error Correction Model (ECM) was used to examine the effect of government expenditure on economic growth. The study revealed that there is a long run relationship between government expenditure and economic growth. Furthermore, total recurrent expenditure, total expenditure on defence and total expenditure on agriculture have significant positive impact on economic growth. On contrary, total capital expenditure, total expenditure on health and total expenditure on education have negative impact on economic growth. Based on these findings, the study recommended that government should increase its revenue through diversification of nation’s economy in order to have adequate funds to spend on social infrastructure, which would spur economic growth. In addition, government needs to raise expenditure on major core sectors like health and education to enhance the economic growth activities in Nigeria.\n\nKeywords: Government Expenditure; Economic Growth; Recurrent Expenditure; Capital Expenditure; Nigeria.

Study Background: Flunitrazepam, Tramadol and Codeine are irrationally used as energy booster, psychoactives and as recreational drugs apart from their normal applications to relieve pains (Tramadol and Codeine), cough (Codeine) or as sedative (Flunitrazepam). High doses could induce inflammatory and acute phase responses Aim and objectives: This work was designed to determine the Immunological Effect of low and High Doses of Tramadol, Codeine and Flunitrazepam on fasting Plasma Total Bile Acid, Cortisol (Anti-inflammatory Agent) and Cortisol Binding Globulin (Acute Phase Protein) in rabbits given normal and high doses. Materials and Methods: The subjects include thirty five (35) male rabbits weighed 0.8kg-1.3kg. grouped into control (Group A ; 5 rabbits on normal meal and water without drugs), 5 rabbits given 15mg/kgBW of Tramadol per 24hrs (Group B1), 100mg/kgBW of Tramadol per 24hrs (Group B2), 10mg/kgBW of Codeine per 24hrs (Group C1), 100mg/kgBW of Codeine per 24hrs (Group C2), 0.5 mg/kgBW of Flunitrazepam (D1) and 5mg/kgBW of Flunitrazepam (D2). Early morning fasting Plasma Cortisol. Total Bile Acid(TBA) and Cortisol Binding Globulin were determined immunochemically by ELISA and spectrophotometry. Result: The result obtained from this work showed a significantly lower plasma value of cortisol in rabbits given 100mg/kgBW of tramadol per 24hrs for 14 days and also in the rabbits given 100mg/kgBW of Codeine per 24hrs for 14 days compared with the control rabbits on normal meal and water without drug administration with p<0.05. There was a significantly lower plasma value of cortisol binding globulin in rabbits given 100mg/kgBW of tramadol per 24hrs for 14 days compared with the control rabbits and those given 15mg/kgBW of tramadol per 24hrs for 14 days with p<0.05.There was a significantly higher plasma value of Total bile acid in rabbits given 100mg/kgBW of tramadol per 24hrs for 14 days than the rabbits administered with 15mg/kgBW of tramadol per 24hrs for 14 days and when compared with normal control rabbits with p<0.05 There was significantly higher plasma value of Total bile acid in rabbits given 100mg/kgBW of codeine per 24hrs for 14 days than the rabbits administered with 10mg/kgBW of codeine per 24hrs for 14 days and when compared with normal control rabbits with p<0.05. Conclusion: High Doses of Tramadol (100mg/kgBW) and Codeine (100mg/kgBW) could trigger inflammatory responses which could alter the plasma levels of Total Bile Acid (TBA), cortisol (glucocorticoid anti-stress and anti-inflammatory hormone) and cortisol binding globulin (Cortisol storage protein and a negative acute phase protein). Measurement of cortisol and globulin binding globulin in those addicted to the drug will tremendously improve on the management of possible Tramadol and Codeine induced toxicity and inflammation.

Study Background; Gluconeogenesis involves formation of glucose from the breakdown of protein to form glycogenic amino acid and lipid such as triglyceride to generate glycerol which is further utilized for the formation of glucose. Cashew (Anacardium occidentale) leaf has some non-scientific but traditional health benefit claims such as in the treatment of diabetes and hypertension. Aim and Objective; This work was designed to determine the evidence of Gluconeogenesis in rabbits given ypung cashew leaf extract using Plasma Value of Cortisol, Glycerol, Cortisol Binding Globulin Glucose, Total Triglyceride and Total Bile Acid. Materials and Methods; 10 rabbits of the same sex weighing 1.0-1.2Kg grouped into A1 (5 rabbits fed with normal meal and water only for 7 days), A2 (A1 rabbits given 500mg/KgBW of ethanolic extract for another seven days) and B1 (5 rabbits fed with normal meal and water only for 7 days), B2 (A1 rabbits given 500mg/KgBW of aqueous extract for another seven days). Plasma cortisol, glycerol, cortisol binding globulin, glucose, total triglyceride and total bile acid were measured biochemically using auto-analysis, ELISA and colorimetric techniques. Result: The result obtained showed a significantly higher plasma value of cortisol, Glycerol and a significantly lower mean plasma value of Glucose and Total Triglyceride in rabbits (A2 and B2) given 500mg/KgBW of ethanolic or aqueous extract for seven days compared with the values of these parameters obtained in the same rabbits when they were fed with normal meal and water only for 7days (A1 and B1) with p<0.05. Conclusion: This work reviled possible evidence of gluconeogenesis as indicated by the significant biochemical alterations the plasma values of cortisol, glycerol, glucose and total triglyceride with respect to changes in their plasma level before and after the supplementation of the extract of young cashew (Anacardium occidentale) leaf