The Agricultural Land Development Program has led to an increase in agricultural areas in Zelfana as in other Saharan regions. The creation of development areas in this zone has generated a certain dynamic through a set of measures that have had different impacts on the components of this Saharan agro-ecosystem. The objective of this research is to study the realities of the new dynamics of Saharan agriculture through the diversity of agrarian systems established in the oasis of Zelfana and its extensions. The results of the management study of this particular agro-ecosystem showed inadequacies at different levels that could compromise its sustainability and even its dynamics. The measures to be taken are discussed not only to preserve the ecosystem but also to give meaning to the strong investments made by the public authorities.

BACKGROUND: The sustained viral response (SVR) and antifibrotic effect of triple therapy (Sofosbuvir, pegylated interferon and ribavirin and dual (Sofosbuvir and ribavirin) alone or its combination with zinc (Zn) has not been established. This study aimed to evaluate the therapeutic and antifibrotic effect of triple therapy and dual therapy with and without zinc. \nPATIENTS AND METHODS: Egyptian CHC patients (N=300) were divided into 4 groups (G) with 75 patients each: G1: received triple therapy for twelve weeks. G2: received triple therapy plus oral zinc for twelve weeks. G3: received dual therapy for twenty four weeks. G4: received dual therapy plus oral zinc for twenty four weeks. \nRESULTS: At the end of treatment, SVR was 93%, 96%, 83% and 92 % in G1, G2, G3 and G4; respectively. Triple therapy is more effective than dual therapy (p=0.03). The addition of zinc with dual therapy or triple therapy increased SVR than dual therapy without zinc (p=0.05 and p=0.008). Addition of zinc with dual therapy reduces the difference of SVR between G1 and G4 (p=0.772) and between G2 and G4 (p= 0.33). The greatest antifibrotic effect was with triple therapy plus oral zinc (26%).\n CONCLUSION: Our results provide clear evidence that zinc addition to triple treatment should continue to be considered an antiviral option for CHC patients. Moreover, the use of zinc with dual treatment could be an option for patients who cannot take interferon. The combination of zinc with triple treatment showed the best protection through their synergistic antifibrotic effect.

Background: Hemangiomas are benign noncancerous vascular malformations of capillaries, and common sites is the face. All laser types are suitable for the management of vascular lesions. The aim is to determine the effectiveness of a 980-nm laser diode for treatment of facial hemangioma in Iraqi patients.Method: In an academic, government clinic, uni-center, randomized within patients trial study of effects of diode laser 980-nm treatment included 15 cases of facial hemangiomas in patients with a history of discomfort due to lesions that were not suitable for removal using traditional methods. The study was conducted at Laser Medicine Research Clinics from 15 October 2018 to 15 August 2019. The first end-point is improvement of conditions at 6 months. The second end-points are quality of life, disappear lesions and safety administration of diode laser. Each patient received 12 sessions at two-week intervals. Lesions were photographed before and after laser treatment and digital image histograms were generated.Results: Following treatment, the lesions were less elevated, smoother in texture, and the color changed from dark red to light pink.Conclusion: There is a require to improvement the management of face hemangiomas. Results from this study will serve as an evidence of the next role of diode laser in hemangioma treatment. Based on the skin texture, color and elevation of the hemangioma as well as patient satisfaction, this laser is an effective and safe way for the treatment of facial hemangioma in Iraqi patients.

Estimation of Evaporation is necessary for planning, design and irrigation design and water resources management. Evaporation can be estimated on basis of pan evaporation data (Epan), whose measurements have the advantage of low cost, simple data interpretation and application as well as suitability for locations with limited availability of meteorological data. In this paper, accurate different methods and CROPWAT model were applied and then their results were compared with Epan using data of Kashan synoptic meteorological station during the years 2000 to 2008 in the growing season (April to December). The results indicated that the Blaney-Criddle model was the most appropriate for this study area compared to the Epan. Higher temperature combined with lower humidity has resulted in higher values of Epan and Blaney-Criddle method.

Attention to the matter of creation in the Zoroastrian religion is highly important. In this religion, Ahura mazdā (in Avestan Texts) has been celebrated as the creator of the emanation of two lives: the spiritual existence (mēnōg) (including righteousness and good thoughts) and the material existence (gētīg) (Gāhān, Yasna 44). Ohrmazd (in Pahlavi Texts) starts creation in the mode of spiritual. Here it has been answered how evil material creations have been created, for this purpose it is stated what the essence of each of the spiritual and material creations is, to whom each creation belongs, and if all the creations of the material world belong to Ohrmazd, why Ahreman does not have the power to create material. In the end it is concluded that Ohrmazd as the God of good has created both existences of the spirit of light and the material world. But Ahreman as the source of evil only possesses the spirit of darkness and does not have the power to create material. Therefore, evil material creatures in the world have materialized through the Four Elements.