In recent years, there has been an alarming increase in hypercaloric diets. The consumption of high-fructose diets has been associated with a wide variety of metabolic diseases that are typical risk factors for stroke; stroke is currently considered the second highest cause of death worldwide. These diets have also been found to influence the magnitude of postinfarction neurodegeneration and decrease synaptic plasticity, which implies changes in dendritic morphology that could be described by fractal geometry.In the present study, Wistar rats were fed high-fructose diets for 11 weeks and subsequently subjected to cerebral ischemia; 100 photographs of histological preparations of brain slices from these rats were analyzed. These histological preparations corresponded to conventional immunohistochemistry that used microtubule-associated protein 2 (MAP2) as a marker to visualize dendrites. Dendrite measurements were made for each photograph to determine the fractal structure of dendrites and its persistence under cerebral ischemia and high fructose consumption conditions through the box counting method.The fractal dimensions were between 1.057 and 1.585, which are the dimensions of a line and a plane, respectively. These values show that the fractal structure of the dendrites persisted despite the effects of cerebral ischemia and high fructose consumption, which allows the development of future measurements to differentiate healthy and diseased tissue in this experimental model.
Bipolar transfer of pectoralis major muscle for elbow flexion in patients with brachial plexus injuryL�pez-Gonz�lez Jos� Alberto, S�nchez Guti�rrez Luis Enrique, Farias-Serratos Felipe, Mart�nez-Cordero Erika del Carmen, Maldonado-Vega Mar�a*.- Hospital Regional de Alta Especialidad del Baj�o, Le�n, Guanajuato, M�xico. Research Unit.Corresponde to the autor: vega.maldonado.m@gmail.comAbstractBrachial plexus injuries limit the function of the thoracic limb. In cases where elbow flexion is absent and despite maintaining the function of the hand and shoulder, it is insufficient to reproduce vital functions such as bringing the hand to the mouth. Bipolar transfer surgery of the pectoralis major muscle to the brachial plexus has allowed the recovery of that function in several patients.Methods. A retrospective cohort was reviewed in patients with brachial plexus injury and limitation of active elbow flexion who underwent bipolar pectoralis major to biceps transfer for restoration. Recovered muscle strength and evolution time, movement, type of injury and rehabilitation were evaluated.Results. A total of 8 patients (7 men, 1 woman), mean age 18.7 years (minimum 8 and maximum 33), the type of injury was classified as high (3), high + arthrogryposis (2), complete (3), the muscle strength assessed by MRC was found at MRC 3 in two patients with high injury + arthrogryposis; one of the patients with a pure high injury presented an MRC 2 and another with an MRC 3. The patients with a greater recovery deficit in muscle strength presented a complete injury in MRC 0,1 and 2. The patients were in three age ranges (8 -9, 10-25, 26-30 years), the group of 10-25 years showed the greatest range of motion up to 120�, with a recovery time of 18 months, compared with high injuries + arthrogryposis and complete, which was close to the 40 months.Conclusions. Restoration of elbow flexion with bipolar transfer from pectoralis major to biceps is a surgery that solves the problem of cases with elbow flexion. This procedure requires the attachment of the patient, the caregiver and performing the phases of the rehabilitator as important factors to achieve a good result.Level of evidence. The cases considered in this work correspond to the surgical procedure of bipolar transfer of the pectoralis major to the biceps in a specialty hospital over a period of 6 years.Keywords: elbow, pectoral muscle, brachial plexus.
Time series measurements of ocean ambient sound have been carried out using an autonomous passive acoustic monitoring system in the Kongsfjorden, Arctic Ocean, from July 2015 to May 2019. Detailed analyses revealed that ambient sound levels are strongly influenced by environmental factors such as wind speed, water temperature and sea-ice during autumn. The results show a best linear fit between the sound spectrum levels and wind speed over the frequency range between 0.25 kHz and 4kHz. The sound spectrum levels are enhanced during autumn 2016 and 2017 due to the localised effect of wind speed on sea ice, and a positive anomaly of water temperature in the fjord. This study indicates that changes in ambient sound levels in autumn are primarily related to intrusion of warm sea water into the Arctic fjord, and through longterm monitoring of sound, the impact on climate change can be studied.
Process-based plant reproduction models help reproduce the effects of environmental change on editorial aggregation. So far, the adjustment of the land space boundary assessment can pose a challenge for the generation model as it requires remote and detailed information from multiple posts. Information integration areas have been proposed for model alignment but not local environmental change studies. This labor data exploration aims to measure CROPG, factory model, and programming constraints to align the model and adapt future ecological information to assess the impact of environmental change. The CROPG crop model has produced basic cultivated area types, crop yields, and current environmental data at the regional and national level collected during Alabama through 1981-2010. It can be ascertained that the copy adjustment model is based on about 29 prizes up to the execution mark - 43 or the setting is 0.41~0.81. The pooled yield is projected to fall by 19% by 2075, 33%, 29%, and 55% by 2045, with fixed fractions of 4.5 and 8.5, respectively. Therefore, this tip is the most heat-adapted end, which is expected to strengthen the water system to maintain soil moisture to match a reasonable harvest speed. Suitable reproduction and yield of CROPG plants suggest that the harmful consequences of increasing Temperature can modulate body weight by expanding rainfall, improving water systems, and development.
The goal of this paper is to study the existence problems of fixed points or\ncommon fixed points for some varieties of single-valued mappings in non-Archimedean fuzzy\nmetric space.
China has recently established a new policy for the exploitation of the Arctic region. Even though it is not a part of the Arctic Council, the People’s Republic of China has started a series of partnerships with public and private entities of countries that are geographically and politically members of the Arctic polar Circle. The project has to be carried out within the “Belt and Road Initiative”, by establishing new trade routes between China and the rest of the world. The study aims at assessing the fuel consumption for the Arctic shipping routes and comparing them to the traditional ones, in terms of cost reduction and time efficiency. Moreover, a brief consideration on oil&gas; arctic fields has been carried out, in order to understand how the energy policy of China is changing the resource exploitation by putting the Arctic at the center of the Chinese international agenda.
Today, with the growth of technology, security is an important issue in communication. In many application, the transmission of data (massage, image and so on) is needed to provide security against from prevent unauthorized users. Cryptography is a technique that provides the secure communication. The two widely accepted and used cryptographic methods are symmetric and asymmetric. There are so many different techniques should be used to protect confidential image data from unauthorized access. This system provides secure image transmission between sender and receiver. This system uses Optimal Asymmetric Encryption Padding (OAEP) with RSA encryption algorithm to provide security during transmission. Only public key cryptography is focused here. Public-key cryptographic algorithm relies on one key for encryption and a different but related key for decryption.