The rabbit fish, Siganus rivulatus, is one of Mediterranean non endogenous species, which succeeded to migrate throughout the different costs of the Mediterranean Sea. The success of this species in the new environment with different trophic, biotic and physics conditions inspirit the study of genetic variations between Rea Sea and Mediterranean Sea populations. Therefore, the current investigation aimed to identify the genomic and mitochondrial variations between rabbitfish populations based on simple sequence repeats (SSR) and mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) markers. A total of 38 S. rivulatus samples (42.50±3.89 gm) collected from the Red Sea (Hurghada costal shore, Hurghada, Egypt) and the Mediterranean Sea (Abu Qir Bay, Alexandria, Egypt) (19 samples from each location, 10 males and 9 females). In all samples, twelve SSR loci were screened to detect the differences in genomic DNA, in addition mtDNA, mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase subunit I gene (MT-CO1) sequenced and phylogenetic analyses were conducted using MEGA X program. The results of SSR markers showed seventeen alleles with an average of 1.4 alleles locus. Also, there is no differences between samples and different sexes in 8 loci. However, the results of other loci were heterozygous in some samples and homozygous in the others and there are differences between the Red and Mediterranean Sea samples in one of them. The nucleotide composition of MT-CO1 sequences percent revealed clear variations between the two studied populations. Phylogenetic analyses indicated that the Red Sea samples were the most versatile than Mediterranean Sea samples. The results indicated that the mtDNA of S. rivulatus is very variable and species-sensitive marker to detect possible genetic variations which could be part of the eco-physiological adaptation and key of lessepsian S. rivulatus success in the Mediterranean Sea.

The formulation of vorticity-stream function in 2D incompressible flow Navier- Stokes equations are used to investigate the effectiveness of the coupled strongly implicit multigrid (CSI-MG) method in the determination of high-Re fine-mesh flow solutions. The 2D driven flow in a square cavity is used as the model problem. Solutions are obtained for configurations with Reynolds number as high as 5000 and meshes consisting of as many as 80x 80, 120x120, and 160x160 points. For Re 1000, 4000, and 5000 the 160x160-grid solution required 2.0 minutes of CPU time on the Intel-core i7 8th/Gen computer. Fine-mesh solutions have been obtained very efficiently for high-Re flow using the coupled strongly implicit and multigrid methods. The various operators and parameters in the multigrid procedure were examined, especially for high-Re flow. The use of 10-point restriction, or full weighting, was found to be superior to 7point restriction, or optimal weighting. The finest mesh size employed in the grid sequence continues to be a very significant parameter. The smoothing factor of the iteration scheme was seen to be influenced by the physical problem parameters, namely, Re. The definition used for convergence on current tine grids was also observed to influence the final solutions. The robustness and the efficiency of the overall solution technique has been demonstrated using the model problem of flow in a driven square cavity. Detailed accurate results have been presented for this problem. Because of the appearance of one or more secondary vortices in the flow field, uniform mesh refinement was preferred to the use of one-dimensional grid- clustering coordinate instead of 2D grid clustering coordinates. The secondary vortices their location becomes virtually invariant for Re 5000. All the secondary vortices appear initially very near the corners (or near the wall, in the case of the vortex TL,) and their centers also move, though very slowly, towards the cavity center with increase in Re. At the larger values of Re considered, the convection of these secondary eddies is evidenced by the direction of movement of the centers of these vortices.

The study investigated plastic waste management practices in the rural households of Eswatini using a case of Zikhotheni and Zombodze Emuva communities. The aim of the study was to investigate plastic waste management practices in the rural areas of the country through identifying the types of plastic waste generated in these two communities, estimating the average daily amount of plastic waste generated, and establishing their management practices. A total of 54 heads of households were interviewed in Zikhotheni and 55 in Zombodze Emuva, using a questionnaire, and an observation matrix was used to supplement the data. Measurements of the type and amount of plastic waste generated per household were also taken for two consecutive months: December 2018 and January 2019. The study revealed that the types of plastic waste generated by these two communities included: PET, HDPE, PVC, LDPE, PP, PS, EPS and other plastic materials layered from other types. On average, it was found that a rural household generates about 15.9 grams of plastic waste per day. Common waste management practices found included open burning, burying, reuse, disposing in backyard pit, indiscriminate disposal in the backyard, selling and upcycling. The study concluded that most of the rural households are still using traditional methods of managing plastic waste, even though recommended plastic waste management practices such as reusing and upcycling were found among some households in Zombodze Emuva.

A pot experiment was conducted to see the effect of FeSO4 supplementation (0, 5, 10 and 15 mg kg-1 FeSO4) along with NPK basal dose (20:25:10 mg kg-1) on growth and ionic concentration of Brassica campestris (Var. Sultan Raya) under various levels (0, 5 and 10 dS m-1) of NaCl salinity during 2017-18 at National Agricultural Research Centre, Islamabad. Brassica seeds were sown and grown to maturity and data on plant height, pods plant-1, seeds pod-1, 100-seed weight (g), seed yield and total biomass were recorded at the time of plant harvest. A considerable reduction in plant growth and seed yield (35 and 41 % respectively) at higher salinity (10 dS m-1) as compared to non-saline medium was observed while FeSO4 supplementation considerably improved plant growth and seed yield under all salinity levels. Overall, 12 % increase in plant growth and 11 to 14 % gain in seed yield was observed with the application of 15 mg kg-1 FeSO4 as compared to control receiving no FeSO4 under 10 dS m-1 NaCl stress. However, a slight improvement in growth of Brassica was noted with higher level of FeSO4 (15 mg kg-1) but was statistically non-significant when compared with lower rate (10 mg kg-1 FeSO4). Same trend was observed in case of total biomass. Sodium (Na+) concentration in plant tissues increased while K+ concentration decreased with increasing NaCl salinity. Although, the effect of FeSO4 supplementation on Ca2+ and Mg2+ concentration in plant tissues was statistically non-significant, however, a decreasing trend in accumulation of Ca2+ and Mg2+ was noted with increasing NaCl salinity in the root medium.

Multilevel inverter (MLI) is prevailing as a sensible alternative to two-level inverters which synthesizes a high quality output voltage waveform wherein the multiple input DC levels are established using isolated dc sources, batteries, capacitors, and renewable energy voltage sources. On the other hand, it suffers from more number of power components and their driver circuits; waning of components\' count has been accentuated by many researchers. The component count is being the main obstacle for the usage of MLI in several applications. A new variant of MLI, a tapped sources stack succored modified HX bridge MLI (TSSSMHXBMLI), is devised with a view to minimize total count of power components as compared to basic MLI topologies. The operating sequence of the proposed TSSSMHXBMLI topology is verified with the simulation study followed by an experimental investigation. Albeit the topology has two modules, tapped sources stack (TSS) and modified HX bridge inverter (MHXBI), it functions as a single stage. The paper outlines the formulaic implementation of the multicarrier pulse width modulation (PWM) in a Xilinx Spartan 3E -500 field programmable gate array (FPGA) processor suitable for the developed MLI. The feasibility of the suggested topology is well proved both in simulation and experimentation. The paper also presents a host of intelligent algorithms for selecting the values of SDCs in asymmetrical mode of working. The simulation and experimental result which revels that the reduced in power components, which will reduces the switching complexities.

Aviation is a very under-penetrated market in India. Even though the demand to travel with flight is rising, there are still not many aircraft in the country. For the numbers, India has 565 commercial aircraft for a population of 1.3 billion. Whereas the US has 7,309 commercial aircraft and its population is just 328 million. Started in 1993 by Naresh Goyal with 4 leased Boeing 737 aircraft, Jet Airways was a success for many years. However, in August of 2018, the company deferred the second quarter of the year. It was a hint that something was wrong with the company’s finance. Recently, Jet Airways shut down its operations temporarily on 17th April of 2019. Their last flight was Amritsar to Mumbai. The shutting down of the company affected their 20,000 employees and more than 60,000 people indirectly. The company is reportedly in a debt of a billion dollars. There are many reasons for the failure of Jet Airways. The key issues were Merging Sahara Airlines with Jet Airways, Rebranding Sahara, Mismanagement, Full-service airline, drowning in Debts. Jet Airways is on the Bankruptcy. Many entrepreneurs have come forward to provide jobs to the people who lost their jobs due to Jet Airways crisis. The Central government ruled out raising funds for the beleaguered Jet Airways and asserted that its revival was now possible only under Insolvency & Bankruptcy Code (IBC). Business Strategy, Crisis Management, Corporate social Responsibility were the key issues to discuss in the case.