Metal nonoparticles stabilized by polymers is emerging as a new class of materials having entirely new physico-chemical properties as that of bulk and atom both. Stabilizers play important role in protecting the nanoparticles and also contributes in improvising the overall surface area. Chitosan, a natural polymer is selected as a stabilizer for the synthesis of iron containing nanoparticles. These nonoparticles are thoroughly characterized by using BET-surface area, FTIR, TEM and XPS. TEM image is showing well dispersed nanofibers with average size of 13nm. XPS data supports the formation of Fe2O3 type structure with O1s binding energy at 534.5 eV and Fe 2P3/2 and Fe 2P1/2 binding energies at 712eV and 723.2 eV. BET Surface area value is 36.72m2/g with pore size of 145.16 and pore volume of 0.1332 cm3/g. This synthesized nanomaterial was evaluated for photocatalytic hydrogen generation via water splitting reaction. Iron containing nanoparticles are showing excellent photocatalytic activity with hydrogen generation yield of 55.5 mmoles h-1g-1 of photocatalyst. The nanoparticles are magnetically retrievable and hence can be separated effectively from heterogeneous system.
The combination of fuzzy logic tools and multi-criteria decision making is of great importance in the literature. Compared to the classic fuzzy number, the Z-number has a greater ability to describe a person’s knowledge. It can describe both restraint and reliability. In this article, the Z-number is used to solve multi-criteria decisions. A numerical example is used to illustrate the procedure of the presented method.
From the aspects of materials, construction technique, form and functionality, Seljuks Period Religious and Civil Architecture templates in Van Region have a major similarity with architectural buildings in West Azerbaijan, State of Islamic Republic of Iran in the east of our country. It is a reality that this similarities are cultural, geographical and vastly effected by migrations besides being neighbouring border provinces. \nToday, “Bat” and “Mud-brick” materials\' usage is frequently seen in the Military, Religious and Civil Architectural Constructions which were built in various periods in the Van province and around. Researches and application samples on mud- brick material in the region are abundantly met. However, samples or scientific researches are not seen about the “Bat” construction material except a limited amount of researches. And many researchers define architectural buildings they study as of mud-brick material although they were built by “Bat” construction materials and construction technique. \n “Bat” is used as a construction material with various names in the Central Asian countries such as Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan and Afghanistan, Azerbaijan, Iran and others. This “Bat” construction material is named after “Batman”, a unit of measure in the Ottoman period and used in construction works. It has quite different qualities than the regular mud-brick material from the aspects of both being construction material and application technique. \nMud-brick is used as a construction material for civil and religious buildings in Van Region. However bat construction material is used more of in walls, towers, bastions, castles, fortification and decoys (Surroundings and Yards) which are Military Buildings.
High-tech industries are related to the comprehensive competitiveness of a country or region. Aiming at the problems of broad clustering results in the evaluation of high-tech industry innovation ability between regions, insufficient information mining between attribute objects and incomplete clustering methods, based on the panel data features, the gray correlation analysis and the condensed hierarchical clustering algorithm are integrated. We propose a new gray matrix association clustering method. In order to fully tap and extract the difference information in the panel data, we can better assess the innovation capability of high-tech industries in various regions of China. The results show that in terms of innovation investment, the eastern region is superior to the central and western regions, and some provinces in the central and western regions have outstanding performance. In terms of innovative technical support, it shows a clear hierarchical relationship between the eastern strong and the central and western regions. In terms of innovation output, the developed regions in the east still have advantages. The industrial transfer has led to polarization within the eastern region, and some provinces in the central and western regions have outstanding performance.
In the present work, two new novel weighted versions of the Shannon and the\nGini - Simpson (abundance - based) diversity indices have been proposed. The\nweights enable accounting for other factors than the relative abundance of the\nspecies. Contrary to the previous weighted versions of these indices these ones\ncomply with a set of requirements, making them more appropriate to measure\ndiversity. Finally, we have also developed a measure which estimates the variation\nfrom maximum diversity.
A Menger algebra of rank n is a structure consisting a nonempty set together with the (n+1)-ary operation satisfying the superassociativity. There are many important examples of Menger algebras of rank n such as a Menger algebra of terms, a power Menger algebra of terms. Using the concept of term rewriting systems, a specific method for transforming terms, we introduce a new concept of an algebraic structure which is called a Menger algebra of term rewriting systems, which is closely related to semigroups. Furthermore, we show that our concept is the extension of a Menger algebra of terms.
Globally prevalence of obesity and overweight lead to non-communicable diseases such as blood pressure, high cholesterol, coronary heart disease and type 2 diabetes mellitus and those diseases increase steadily with increasing body mass index (BMI), a measure of weight relative to height. Determination of the effectiveness of the intervention of ‘spice’ mixture (SM) prepared using local available natural food addditives and the internention with or without mind-calming exercises (MCE) in the management of female overweight/obesity is the main objective of the present research. Selected, female volunteers, aged between 18-55 years were divided into two groups. Group 1 was given a SM only while Group 2 was given the SM plus MCE. The biomarkers such as lipid profile, Hb % , SGPT, serum creatinine (SC) were recorded for all the participants before and after the intervention. Both the groups showed significant weight reductions yet Group 2 showed a greater decrement.The biomarkers’ recorded before and after the intervention showed a significant difference and the SGPT and SC levels of the study group indicate that the liver and kidney tissues were not impaired by the SM. The findings emphasize a need for implementing healthy eating habits with SM and reduce the stress like mind calm exercises diminishes the growing obese population.
In the philosophy of toleration, multiple conceptions allow coexistence of contending religions, and ideologies in a society. Phenomenological conceptions of toleration have existed in erstwhile India varying in time and space, however this is changing in many segments of society, especially after the rise of the religious right and Hindutva ideology. The manifestation of this ideology has been inconsistent with the desirability and conceptions of philosophy of toleration. In this vein, this paper is a conceptual analysis of toleration, integrated to the logical analysis of rise of the political and religious right in case of India, resulting in displacement of toleration. Adding to the existing knowledge by signposting the intersection of politics, religion and philosophy of toleration in contemporary India, this paper concludes that both extremism and toleration cannot coexist on the same plausible premise in a society.