Vitamin D3 is a steroid hormone produced in the skin under the influence of UV radiation. It is a vitamin discovered in the 20th century and constantly rediscovered. Over the last few decades, numerous scientists conducting research on vitamin D3 have shown its increasing impact on the proper functioning of the human body.\nThis work will present the process of synthesis, metabolism, mechanism of action of vitamin D3, as well as its pleiotropic effect. In preparation for this review\nmostly publications from the last 20 years were selected, but older, highly valued publications were not excluded.

2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate/Maleic acid (2-HEMA/MA) copolymer hydrogel was prepared using gamma radiation (60-Coγ) for possible use as an antibacterial agents. The effects of gamma radiation dose and monomer concentration on the polymerization yield were investigated. The physical properties such as water absorption and gel fraction of the prepared hydrogel were measured; it was found that the gel fraction increases and the swelling percentage decreases with increasing irradiation dose. The antimicrobial activity against certain pathogenic bacteria and yeasts, and the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of the prepared hydrogel was investigated. The prepared hydrogel showed antimicrobial activities against all pathogens tested. The mechanism of action of 2-HEMA/MA hydrogel against selected bacteria (S. aureus, and E. coli) and yeast (C. albicans1) was determined by measuring the microbial cell membrane permeability, absorbing materials and protein, and leakage of potassium ions (K+) from cells. Overall studies indicated that 2-HEMA/MA hydrogel possesses a broad antimicrobial activity against all tested microorganisms and could be used as an antimicrobial agent in food and medical applications.

In order to provide consumers with personalized cloud manufacturing services, and form crowd-sourcing cloud alliance for Small and Medium enterprises(SMEs), this paper proposed a cloud personalized method based on the Evolutionary Game Algorithm(EGA). Firstly, the cloud services are accurately described from tow aspect; the enterprise and resources. Furthermore, an optimization model is established to obtain a cloud alliance that well performed in consumer preferences, and the Evolutionary Game algorithm(EGA) is adapted to solve the proposed model. Finally, experiments are designed to verify the feasibility and efficiency of the proposed method and the results show that the proposed method is feasibility, and more efficiency than the Genetic algorithm(GA).

Background: In immune suppressed patients, hepatitis B reactivation can affect decision making. Use immunosuppressants and biologics may trigger hepatitis B reactivation.\nMethods: A retrospective, two-center study was conducted between November 2014 and October 2017. 266 patients with autoimmune disease treated with immunosuppressive therapies were enrolled. 4278 healthy controls were tested for hepatitis B markers. \nResults: Of 266 patients, 88 patients had rheumatic disease, 57 patients had glomerulonephritis, 110 patients had inflammatory bowel disease, and 11 patients had autoimmune liver disease. Overall, 18 patients had current hepatitis B infection and 105 had past infection. Glomerulonephritis patients had the lowest hepatitis B vaccination uptake (P = 0.007) and highest infection prevalence (P < 0.001) compared with the other three autoimmune diseases. The prevalence of present and past hepatitis B infection in autoimmune patients was similar to healthy controls. The vaccination rate was also similar to the general population. Autoimmune patients with effective hepatitis B vaccination were significantly younger than infected patients (P < 0.001). Hepatitis B reactivation was 1.0% in steroid-treated patients, 1.6% in immunosuppressant-treated patients, but was absent in patients treated with biologic agents. During treatment, none of the patients with positive viral markers displayed acute hepatitis or acute liver failure.\nConclusion: Hepatitis B prevalence and vaccination uptake in patients with autoimmune diseases is similar to the general population. Reactivation of HBV infection in patients receiving immunosuppressive therapy and biologics is low. However, monitoring and prophylactic antiviral treatment in HBV infected patients using immunosuppressive and biologic therapies is warranted.

Abstract \n In general, acute injury of kidney consequences ended with sudden impairment of kidney tasks, leading to sodium–potassium disturbances, the holding and accumulation of end products, and urine volume and concentration alterations. Glycerol encouraged kidney damage through originating an oxidative injury to renal tubular cells which further leads to tissue necrosis and inflammation. While, roflumilast N-oxide is an active metabolite of roflumilast that rising the cyclic adenosine-3′, 5′-monophosphate by inhibiting PDE4. \nThirty rabbits were divided into three groups, first group (control group) was received normal saline intra-muscularly and drived from water for eighteen hours before. Second group (induction group ) was received a single dose glycerol injected intra-muscularly after drived from water for eighteen hours .Third group (treatment group)was received roflumilast intraperitoneal daily for three days after received a single dose of glycerol . \n All animals were sacrificed after 72 hour, and then blood collected by cardiac puncture for evaluation the changes in the levels of renal function tests including urea and creatinine concentrations. In addition, the histopathological study of rabbits kidneys tissues are evaluated evaluation and scoring the changes of tested agents. The numerical data are expressed as means ± standard error means and analyzed by using SPSS version 20.\n The results of the levels serum urea and creatinine found to be significantly reduced by roflumilast using ANOVA test. Besides, the histopathological changes showed ameliorative effects of roflumilast in compared to glycerol group. From this study, one could be concluded the protective effect of roflumilast in case of renal failure induction by glycerol.

In the context of the increasing level of globalization, one of the main challenges for the economies of the countries is to increase competitiveness through innovative development. Innovative development is in constant dynamics of change. That is why the main task in conducting the incentive policy is to constantly analyze the disadvantages of the functioning mechanism of state regulation and to find ways to improve its effectiveness.Identification of problems and disadvantages of the modern mechanism of state regulation of innovative development of Ukrainian economy.We evaluated the use of mechanism of state regulation tools, namely: regulatory, administrative, financial, motivated, informational and organizational. We also determined the index of the current economic condition, the intensity of structural changes in the number of industrial enterprises and the intensity of structural changes in the total amount of budget financing for innovative activities in 2013�2017. A statistical evaluation of the results of the studied indices was determined using the Salai and Gatev coefficients.The state of innovative development of the Ukrainian economy is investigated, problems and disadvantages of the modern mechanism of state regulation of innovative development are revealed. The assessment of the use of instruments of the mechanism of state regulation of innovative development of the economy for regulation of spheres providing innovative development of the economy. The state of innovative infrastructure is analyzed, the state of the socio-economic environment of the country is estimated using the index of current economic capacity. The scale of structural shifts was quantified using the integral coefficient of structural changes of A. Salai and the integral coefficient of structural differences of K. Gatiev. Factors of influence on innovative economic development and structural changes of industrial-innovative enterprises are determined. Recommendations for solving existing problems of innovative economic development are given.Thus,we identifinedsuch problems as low level of communication between the entities of the mechanism of state regulation of innovative development, problem of effective use of the tool, low infrastructural support, failure to observe the basic principles of state regulation, poor quality and environmental status of state regulation of innovative development, lack of monitoring.

Dynamic adsorption kinetics results indicated that monoethanolamine-carbon dioxide (MEA-CO2)\nreaction in fixed bed column packed with MEA-impregnated activated carbon (AC) particles is\npseudo first order reaction. The controlling step (slow step) of adsorption is the mass transfer of\nCO2 molecules form the feed gas bulk stream to the surface of the adsorbent through the boundary\nlayer (external diffusion). A Dubinin-Astakhov and Avrami models showed that adsorption of CO2\non MEA-impregnated activated carbon particles is homogeneous. The suggested mass balance\nmodel exhibited good agreement with the experimental results for both MEA-impregnated and\nnon-impregnated AC, which they show also that there is no difference in adsorption rates between\nthe two adsorption beds

Freshwater wetlands spread over to various parts of our country under the varied agro-climatic condition and distinct ecological zones. These are the traditional source of fisheries and providing livelihood support to thousands of fishermen. These ecosystems are locally known as bhagar, beel, jheel, tal, pat, moun and chaur at different part of our country. During the survey from February 2018 to January 2019 of fishery resources like fish market, fish pond etc, of South Bihar under the state non plan (Bihar Agricultural University) funded research project, one of the oxbow lake i.e. Dumraon oxbow lake (local name Bhagar) was found to be un-reported and un-described. The lake is a large sized wetland with 20 km length and 1 km width, spread from Nauki par (Chakki) to Nainijore (Brahampur) in Dumraon (Buxar). It is more or less U shaped in expansion and located about 15 km North East from Dumraon railway station. It is a meander of the river Ganga but with the lapse of time and due to the raising of an earthen embankment, the connecting channel has become defunct. Oxbow lake is fed by the monsoon run off and ingress of flood water from the river Dharmawati; ultimately dropping into the river Ganga in Ara district. The water depth of Bhagar oxbow lake ranges between 1.5 m to 3 m in summer, however with maximum depth 4 m to 6 m during the Monsoon months. Some important villages like Chakki, Mahadeoganj, Bishambhardera, Gaighat, Bairiya, Sapahi, Panchphorwa (Dallupur), Pandepur (Chandrapura), Mahuar and Nainijore are situated on the bank of oxbow lake. The eutrophication problem has been observed in a portion of the Bhagar oxbow lake. This area was highly infested with aquatic weeds and submerged vegetation.