We deal with an instrument which seems to be close to branding, that is the impact of a term on our knowledge and for a better understanding of a certain situation or action.\n In fact, it’s about any public, influential and notorious person, related with economic policies or outstanding economic impact in society who receives the suffix-nomics linked to its name. \n This analyzed aspect is a contribution to the renewal of Economic Theory, putting at work elements of different economic domains. We used data from media and Internet sources regarding such blend words list and we’ve selected the most important with a sound impact on specialists or readers.\n Conclusion is that, in our opinion, the Surnamenomics treatment is very appropriate to those analyzed in the paper. At the same time, we think that revealing sound reasons, we can propose other names in such manner, but in order to be approved by a large base of professors, specialists and journalists, and after that to be spread all over the world and to remain stuck in the collective memory.

Antibiotics are the medications used for treatment of bacterial infections or inhibiting their spread, most frequently by interfering with bacteria metabolism. For instance, the Zinacef antibiotic used in the investigation is a cefuroxime, which is a substance that belongs to cephalosporins antibiotics. Peptidoglycan is responsible for providing structural stability to the cell wall in bacteria. In gram-positive bacteria, such as Lactobacillus Rhamnosus, peptidoglycan is a vital component with a thickness of more than 10 layers, without which the cell cannot function properly. β-lactams antibiotics have been proven to inhibit the last step of peptidoglycan synthesis, thereby depriving the cell of the main protective layer.. However, as mentioned in Fundament of interest, there is evidence that some substances can decrease the efficiency of antibiotics in fighting bacteria. Moreover, some of them have both antimicrobial properties and properties that inhibit the effectiveness of antibiotics at the same time. In this work, an attempt was made to check What is the effect of water, tea, milk, grapefruit juice, coffee, and energy drink on the effectiveness of Zinacef antibiotic in inhibiting growth of Lactobacillus Rhamnosus, investigated by measuring the zones of inhibition with use of a vernier calliper? The results and conclusions of the experiment were as follows: water does not contain substances that could somehow affect the effectiveness of the Zinacef antibiotic, tea properties have the smallest effect on Zinacef antibiotic effectiveness in inhibiting Lactobacillus Rhamnosus growth, in the experiment milk indeed negatively influenced the activity of Zinacef antibiotic. On the other hand energy drinks have blocked the activity of the antibiotic to a greater extent than coffee.

Calcium is a mineral that plays a crucial role in our organisms, not only in terms of healthy bones and teeth, but also in blood clotting, contraction of muscles and regulating normal heart rhythms or nerve functions. Taking into consideration the negative effects of calcium deficiency it is vital to deliver necessary amounts of this mineral to our organism by implementing a proper diet. One of the vegetables rich in calcium is carrot. The aim of our experiment was to study the effect of subjecting Daucus carota to thermal treatment of distilled water at different temperatures on the calcium content in it. Based on the experiment, it can be concluded that with an increase in the temperature of thermal processing of carrots, there was a visible decreasing tendency in the calcium content in carrots.

Erythromycin is the oldest macrolide antibiotic. The mechanism of action of these antibiotics is to inhibit protein biosynthesis in bacterial cells by binding to the 50S ribosomal subunit and interfering with the elongation of the protein chain (ribosome is an element of the cell used to produce proteins, composed of two subunits - large 50S and small 30S). Because the cell\'s development is inhibited and not killed, we say that macrolides are bacteriostatic antibiotics. They are characterized by a broad spectrum of activity, i.e. they are active against numerous species of bacteria. To get better informed with the mechanics of the antibiotic tried to model the suitable pharmacokinetic profile of the erythromycin. Because the concentration of erythromycin in the blood does not change linearly, we used two nonlinear function modeling methods in our studies: polynomial interpolation and automatic nonlinear regression. The aim of the experiment was to assess the suitability of the erythromycin pharmacokinetic profile model depending on the method chosen for modeling (using polynomial interpolation or automatic non-linear regression). From the conducted experiment, it can be concluded that the selected modeling method strongly influences the usefulness of the model in terms of the pharmacokinetic profile of erythromycin, because this method determines the type of functions obtained and, consequently, the behavior and properties of the curves. In the case of this exploration, it is the Hoerl function that fits more clearly into the pharmacokinetic profile of erythromycin than the cubic polynomial model. In general, the Hoerl model has a smaller percentage error than the cubic polynomial model.

This study aims to test the effect of intellectual capital on the earnings persistence in the Jordanian Banks listed on the Amman Stock Exchange, where intellectual capital was measured through value added intellectual coefficient devolved by Pulic in (1998) and consists of human capital, structural capital and capital employed as independent variables, with earnings persistence measured as a dependent variable according to the Sloan model (1996). The study population consists of all the commercial banks listed on the Amman Stock Exchange at the end of 2018, and three Jordanian Islamic banks were excluded for the purpose of reaching statistical results that can be generalized with greater accuracy on the study population, consisting of the traditional Jordanian commercial banks. Data were obtained through the financial reports of these companies during the period 2013-2018 and relied on multiple linear regressions to test the study hypotheses. The study concluded a set of results, the most important of which is the existence of a significant effect of intellectual capital in its three dimensions (human capital, structural capital, and capital employed) on earnings persistence in traditional Jordanian commercial banks.

This study aims to investigate the effect of the ownership structure includes (institutional, government, foreign, managerial, and concentration ownership) which is considered as one of the institutional governance tools, on the financial performance of Jordanian commercial banks as measured in Tobin’s Q. The study population consisted of all Jordanian commercial banks listed at the Amman Stock Exchange. Hypotheses of the study were tested using the multiple regression models. Among the most prominent findings of the study are a significant positive effect of institutional and concentration ownership on Tobin’s Q, while managerial ownership affected negatively on Tobin’s Q. Moreover, there was no effect of government and foreign ownership on Jordanian Banks Tobin\'s Q.

This paper examines the role of democracy in strengthening the resilience of developing economies in the face of exogenous external shocks. Our study uses the duration model to estimate how external shocks and democracy determine the probable duration of a spell of economic growth. Examining a panel of 96 developing countries observed over the 1965-2015 period, we found that democracy is a resilience factor, insofar as it helps to support growth spells in the event of negative external shocks.

This research investigated Andes berry (Rubus glaucus benth) residues from its chemical characterization for suggesting potential uses and possible value-added products derived from this residue. Moisture, extractives, cellulose, hemicellulose, lignin and ash contents were determined as well as other important characteristics such as total phenolic compounds, total antioxidant activity, anthocyanins and volatiles constituents. Results revealed that blackberry residues (BR) had 61.54% of holocellulose (cellulose and hemicellulose); a total phenolic compounds content of 2,700 mg of GA/100 g BR and an anthocyanins content of 126.41 mg/kg of BR. The total antioxidant activity was 174.8 μmol TE/g of BR which was attributed to the contribution of total phenolic compounds content in an 93.58%. Volatiles profile revealed that 2-heptanone, 2-heptanol and benzoic acid were, after ethanol (3,226.1 μg/kg of BR), the most significant compounds present in BR with 1,064, 707 and 542 μg/kg of BR respectively. Finally, a roadmap was proposed to extract and produce value added products from BR that can potentially, offer new opportunities for a complete utilization of blackberry fruit. This research reveals potential applications of BR based on the chemical composition that allows obtaining attractive platforms based on sugars (C5 and C6) as well as lignin and valuable components for the valorization of this residue for enhancing the blackberry productive chain.

Chlorophyll is a significant biochemical component and can be determined in the laboratory (destructive) and using various chlorophyll content measuring devices (non-destructive). In this study, destructive and non-destructive methods were used to determine chlorophyll content and compare them for peanut crop under different soil texture and saline water applications. The experiment was carried out in a complete randomized block design in pots using two soil textures (clay-loam and sandy) and three irrigation water salinity (0.7, 2.1 and 3.3 dS m-1). For the non-destructive method, a portable chlorophyll content meter (Apogee CCM-200) was used while for destructive method acetone extraction procedure was used to determine leaf chlorophyll content. Linear, polynomial and exponential correlations between Chl-a, Chl-b, Chl-a+b content obtained by destructive method and Chlorophyll Content Index (CCI) obtained by values measured by portable chlorophyll meter was established based on statistical evaluations. Linear, polynomial and exponential correlations between total chlorophyll content (Chl-a+b) and CCI values were found to be Chl-a+b = 24.277CCI+4.0902, Chl-a+b = 17.758CCI2 + 12.681CCI+5.6101, and Chl-a+b = 22.539CCI0.5549, respectively. It was concluded that the total chlorophyll content can be safely estimated under the saline conditions by using the portable chlorophyll meters.

Cultivation of edible fungi (mushrooms) is a useful method for bio-conservation in the agriculture industry. For the better production of mushrooms, we used the agricultural waste material as a substrate for the cultivation of mushrooms. After mushroom harvesting, these substrates are available as an excellent source of soil conditioner. In this study, we used the sawdust of a simbal tree (Bombax ceiba L.), office scrap paper, and poultry manure as a substrate to cultivate the Pleurotus sapidus (oyster mushroom). Data recorded from the inoculation of spawn to the harvesting of fruiting bodies by using different parameters. The results revealed that the Treatment-T4 (sawdust of simbal tree 50% + poultry manure 50%) required the least number of days for spawn-running, development of pinhead, and fruiting bodies, produced the maximum number of fruiting bodies, maximum yield, and highest biological efficacy. The Treatment-T5 (office scrap paper 50% + poultry manure 50%) took the maximum number of days for spawn-running, development of pinhead and fruiting bodies, produced least number of fruiting bodies, minimum yield, and lowest biological efficacy. Therefore, the cultivation of mushrooms is an excellent or environment-friendly technique because the substrate used for mushroom cultivation is economical and readily available.

The production of Cattle milk has received significant considerable attention globally; however, limited research data are available. Bovine mastitis is mainly concerned with the alteration of milk composition and linked with immune system efficiency of host. To study the innate immune response in the mammary gland, we evaluated the expression levels of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) gene in Sahiwal cows with and without mastitis. Blood samples were collected from bovine having tested positive for clinical mastitis (n=15), subclinical mastitis (n=15) and healthy (n=10) animals to explore the expression profile of the TNF-α gene. For this, RNA was extracted from blood samples, followed by cDNA synthesis and quantification of expression profile by Real-time qPCR. For gene expression, the ∆∆Ct was calculated by adjusting the target gene expression for the expression of the housekeeping gene (GAPGH). One-way ANOVA was performed to evaluate the change in expression level within three groups with significance threshold set at P < 0.05. The relative mRNA expression of TNF-α gene was 35.00 and 9.53 times higher in animals with clinical and subclinical mastitis respectively, as compared to non-mastitic animals. The statistical analysis revealed that relative mRNA expression of TNF-α most explains the change in the unit of ∆Ct and would result in a significantly higher expression of TNF-α gene in animals with mastitis. The highest percentage variation of TNF-α mRNA expression was 1844% reported in clinical cases and 407% in subclinical mastitis cases as compared to healthy cows. This study contributes a better understanding of the use of TNF-α gene marker as an authentic source of identification of severity of bovine mastitis. The findings of study may helpful for the development of new strategies to control mastitis and preserve the health of dairy animals.

Recently, to improve vehicle energy conservation, the composite materials are used but, these materials may be replaced one day with functionally graded materials (FGMs). This study modeled total deformation and natural frequency, under subjected load of a car hollow drive shaft using steel, four layers composite and FGM drive shaft. The analysis is carried out using ANSYS and results were compared. The values of deformations are 0.000062, 0.000052 and 0.0000187 mm respectively. It is noticed that; fiber angle orientation of composite drive shaft has a great influence on both deformation and first frequency also, offers lower deformation than steel while, FGM offers lower deformation than steel and composite.

A brief survey of the management problem of the commons, and in particular the deforestation of the Legal Amazonia is presented. An approach derived from the non-cooperative games viewpoint is suggested as a possible way to understand the problem.

This present study was to assess the Iju River sediments radioactivity exposure to human and its associated lifetime cancer risk. The In-situ gamma measurements and radioactivity levels were carried out using Super Spec (RS-125) gamma detector and Sodium Iodide gamma (NaI (TI) gamma spectroscopy. The results from the analysis indicates that the Iso-dose column with the highest background gamma dose was identified in site 7 with a value of 79 nGy/h, approximately 34 % higher than the world average of 59 nGy/h. The mean activity concentrations of U-238, Th-232 and K-40 from Iju river sediments are 26.1± 0.5 Bq/Kg, 55.6 ± 2.1 Bq/Kg, and 499.3 ± 10.2 Bq/Kg, respectively. The highest values of U-238, Th-232 and K-40 were recorded in samples collected from sites 4, 13 and 13, respectively. The mean values obtained from this study were compared to the International Standard values of 33, 45 and 420 Bq/Kg which shows that the values for this current study 26.1± 0.5 Bq/Kg for U-238 is lower by a factor of 0.21 (approximately 21 %); whereas Th-232 and K-40 values are higher by factors of 0.26 (approximately 26%) and 0.19 (approximately 19 %), respectively.Significantly, it was observed that some values of the radiological hazard indices were below the permissible limits except the mean value of 29 x 10-2 for excess lifetime cancer risk (ELCR) which is higher than the world average value of 0.29 x 10-3 by a factor of 0.3, approximately 30 %. The multivariate statistical analysis indicates from the regression model revealed that Th-232 has significance effect and is higher than the contributions of U-232 and K-40 respectively. The values are S= 13.7072; R-Sq (adj.) = 49.90 % and R-Sq (pred.) = 16.45 %, whereas for U-238 and K-40, it did not show any significant values for R-Sq (adj.) = 0.00 and R-Sq (pred.) = 0.00. This could be the important radionuclide parameter controlling the process sediment deposition in the area and consequently attributed to the higher levels of the radiological risks such as the activity utilization index and excess lifetime cancer risk, which are higher than the world average values. These results may be useful in radiation reference data in other River sediments in Southern parts of Nigeria.

The Libyan government has defined the Strategic Plan for Renewable Energy 2013-2030, which seeks to support efforts to achieve sustainability. This plan, in which renewable energy is developed that aims to ensure renewable energy growth is a major priority for sustainable development. This paper reviews the current state of renewable energy in Libya and pollution from traditional sources and explains the policies and procedures stipulated in 2013-2030 plan to support the energy sector. In addition, obstacles to achieving solar and wind energy in Libya were presented. The challenges facing the waste management system were also presented. The paper also provides some opinions on promoting renewable energy in Libya

COVID-19 has affected 213 countries around the world, killing around 480,000 and infecting close to 9.4 million by June 24, 2020 (worldometer.info). Bangladesh, a low-middle-income South Asian economy, has experienced an epidemiological and demographic transition with rapid urbanization and a gradual increase in life expectancy. It is the world\'s seventh most populous country and the country\'s population is expected to almost double by 2050. The increasing burden of transmissible diseases in Bangladesh can be attributed to rapid urbanization and nearly 50 percent of the country\'s slum residents live in the Dhaka division. IEDCR \'s National Rapid Response Team investigated 26 disease-outbreak incidents in 2017. The joint survey conducted by the Power and Participation Research Center and the BRAC Institute for Governance and Development reveals that per capita daily income of urban slums and rural poor people drops by 80 percent due to the current national shutdown forced by the government to stop the spread of Covid-19. 40%-50% of these population took loans to meet the daily expenses. The country has only 127,000 hospital beds, of which 91,000 are in government-run hospitals. Researchers say that the economy of the country loses 33 billion BDT per day from its service and agriculture sectors during the nationwide shutdown.

This article seeks to share some reflections that arise in the face of educational interaction (bilingual hypoacous teacher or deaf artist — lead teacher — hearing students) as a joint construction of knowledge through inclusive communication and collaborative work. Thus, the importance of the approach proposed by the author, which introduces an innovative experience and personal reflection on the educational community inside the formal school. To understand the relationship of deaf people through their artistic manifestations and their different educational communities, establishing an open, inclusive and tolerant dialogue, in order to improve certain work situations carried out in different social, artistic and cultural contexts. Therefore, it constitutes an approach to the question of social-labor inclusion in formal schools to exercise their teaching/workshop role in a flexible, sensitive and participatory manner. In turn, it’s proposed to include a role of mediator between the traditional duo, both the lead teacher (hearing person) and the workshop (deaf person) to incorporate and facilitate the use of sign language inside the formal school. However, this new approach pursues the improvement and the application of the inclusive methodology to rethink the problems of artistic teaching, and the use of collaborative learning strategies in the training of trainers (pedagogical accompaniment) to enhance their commitment to the practice of artistic education.

Since the introduction of a peer-to-peer lending model, people have been provided with online lending services at a lower service cost than traditional loan service costs, because of the company\'s low operating costs. Therefore, P2P lending will contribute to reducing urban-rural gap and the discrepancies between rich and poor. In this paper, we analyze and evaluate the roles of shadow banking system (HTNHN) in Vietnam and peer-to-peer lending (P2P lending) in both aspects: positive and negative. P2P lending model is a lending process where borrowers and lenders meet on an online platform without a financial intermediary like a bank. Experiences of black credit and consequences for the economy, and P2P lending online in China became a lesson for Vietnam as well as developing countries. Control solutions, P2P lending development orientation, black credit (usury), legalizing regulations and interest monitoring,risk management in peer-to-peer lending and usury is essential to ensure the role of these activities in supply chain financing, lending to SMEs and consumers, and addressing deficiencies of the commercial banking system. The safety period for lenders and borrowers is an issue that needs to be discussed, towards the topic of sustainable development for the shadow banking system, thereby contributing to social security, creating conditions for low-income people to borrow capital to support production and business, thus contributing to the reduction of the rich-poor discrepancies.