A selective, accurate and precise stability indicating HPLC method for analysis of levamisole hydrochloride in bulk and in their injection and oral solution formulations has been developed and validated in accordance with ICH guidelines. The chromatographic separation was carried out on a C8 column (250 x 4.6 mm with particle size of 5 micrometer) using a mixture of phosphate buffer pH 8.0 and acetonitrile (70: 30 v/v) as the mobile phase pumped at flow rate of 1.5 ml/min with UV detection at 215nm. The calibration curve was linear over (10- 50μg/ml) concentration range with correlation coefficient of 1.0000. The limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantitation (LOQ) were 0.29μg/ml and 0.89μg/ml, respectively. The accuracy and the precision of the developed method were significantly good (RSD˂ 2%). The validity of the proposed method was further confirmed through the statistical comparison of the obtained data with those of the official method.

The main objective of this paper is to examine the factors determining the SME’s development in Pakistan during the period of 1960–2019. Unlike the majority of the previous studies, the autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL)-bounds testing approach is used to observe this linkage. The share of SME’s output in GDP is used as a proxy of SME’s development. Bank’s credit to the SME sector and government expenditure is used as factors that are affecting SME’s evolution in the country, further tax rate, and FDI are applied in the study model. The results of the bounds test show that there is a stable long-run relationship between study variables. The foregoing results show that the bank’s credit to SMEs and taxes are the only factors that drive SME\'s development downwards. Overall, the study finds that SME’s development factors spur SME\'s growth in Pakistan.

Identifier les stratégies d’insertion professionnelle gagnantes pour les jeunes diplômés permet à la présente étude d’ajouter à l\'amélioration de la qualité de l’aide à eux offerte dans certains pays. A ce dessein, cinq ingénieurs employés du secteur formel ont été invités à raconter leurs histoires de vie académique et professionnelle. L’analyse interprétative de leurs discours révèle que les stratégies avérées efficaces incluent l’intervention des membres des réseaux de relations personnelles. Comme toute étude qualitative, les limites de notre étude impliquent d’éprouver les hypothèses induites par ses résultats. Les recommandations formulées sont exploitables dans l’élaboration ou l’adaptation des guides d’insertion socioprofessionnelle.

Background: Tuberculosis (TB) is an infectious disease caused by the Mycobacterium. TB had a non-random spatial distribution. The aim of this study was to measure the associations between the spatial variation of TB risk and socio-economic factors by a multilevel approach.\nMethods: This survey was done in Lorestan province between 2002 and 2008. Multilevel approach was developed to model relationships between TB new cases and related factors in three levels.\nResults: Of 1481 registered patients, 58.4% were male and 41.6% were female among which 68.74% and 29.98% lived in urban and rural areas and 1.28% was nomads. Education and urbanization conditions were significant factors in this study.\nConclusion: The spatial contribution of socio-economic factors to spatial pattern of TB highlighted the using of spatial approaches for assessing the epidemiological situation for this. These findings may also be useful for guiding decisions related to disease control strategies such as screening, education, and preventive policy.

Objectives: This study was aimed to develop simple, accurate and stability-indicating spectrophotometric methods for the analysis of Torsemide (TOR) in bulk and dosage forms.\nMethods: The zero-order spectrum (0D) of TOR aqueous solution was measured at 285 nm against its blank. This spectrum was differentiated instrumentally to generate the first (1D) and second (2D) derivative spectra which were measured at 311 nm and 282 nm, respectively. The developed methods were validated as per ICH guidelines. Results: Regression data of the developed spectrophotometric methods obeyed Beer’s law over the concentration range 10-50 µg/ml with a good correlation coefficient (not less than 0.998). The developed methods demonstrated good inter-day and intra-day precision at the three modes. The obtained recovery percentages (97.60 - 101.45 ± 2.7 %, n=3) reflected freedom from interference by the excipients. Good assay results ranged from 99.0 ± 1.7% to 100.0 ± 2.5%; n=3 were obtained by the developed methods. The 2D mode proved its ability to be used as stability indication method of TOR analysis. Conclusion: The statistical validation at 95% confidence level proved the sensitivity, accuracy, precision of the developed methods.

In this study, the reflection of the sun rays directly on the spherical lens and its focusing in \nthis lens is examined. Energy collection efficiency of such a spherical surface has been \nanalyzed. Compared with traditional sun fixed panel and sun tracker panel. An experimental \ndevice is made to test the solar intake from all directions, including scattering and reflections \nfrom spherical lenses. In order to obtain maximum energy from spherical lens, a \nmicrocontroller based spherical lens system has been developed that takes into account both \nsolar azimuth and altitude angles. Thus, the sun was monitored on the spherical lens based on \nreal time data. The control unit used in this study was the PIC AT89C51 microprocessor and \nLM 2596 integrated circuit with real time clock. A program that instantly calculates the sun\'s \nmovements (azimuth and elevation angles) using the solar geometry throughout the day and \nyear was loaded on the PIC. The angle values calculated by this program were converted into \npulse width modulation signals and the spherical lens system was controlled using these \nsignals. As a result of the experiments, it was observed that more energy was obtained by \nusing a microcontroller-based spherical lens system. In addition, a low cost and easily \nprogrammed control system has been obtained that monitors the sun in real time, ensures \nstable operation of the system and consumes very little energy.

Purpose: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common cancer and the second leading cause of death worldwide. However, CRC is considered as one of the most preventable cancers by which the mortality rates reduce about 60% through implementing the screening programs. The present study aimed to evaluate the main barriers of CRC screening in a defined population.\nMethod: First, the participants were randomly selected from the AZAR Cohort context for piloting. Then, different health care centers were contacted to invite all eligible people from all regions of the state. In the next procedure, all individuals were assessed by a provided online risk assessment tool, and eligible people were included in the study. In addition, colonoscopy and three stool-based tests including FOBT, FIT, and Stool DNA tests were performed. Finally, all were followed online or called by the well-trained research team.\nResults: Overall, 725 cases including 425 (58.6%) males and 300 (41.4%) females participated in the study. Lack of knowledge and attitude about screening programs was the most common barrier, especially among women (68% for women vs. 58% for men) and those from rural areas (88% in rural vs. 55% in urban areas). Fear of colonoscopy and procedure complications and pain (48%), discomfort, and anxiety from inserting a tube into the bowel (65% among females and 43% among males) reported commonly. Embarrassment and dignity were other complaints, especially in women (62% in females and 35% in males). As most costs were covered by the research budget, it was not considered as the main problem in the present study.\nConclusion: Increasing knowledge and attitude about the aims and benefits of screening programs, acceptable and convenient communication of health systems with the general population are considered as the key elements in the success and implementation of any screening program

The recursive difference equation often finds applications in the design and implementation of linear time-invariant discrete systems involving industrial electronic engineering、computational engineering、economics… and so on. The main solving tool for the recurrence difference equation is the z-transformation in the signal system theory. The state variable solution X(z) of the economic cybernetics difference equation x(k+1)=Ax(k)+Bu(k) is a rational function with the same power of the numerator and the denominator, and then some existing traditional approaches are applied to find the solution with inevitable tedious operations including the multiplication of all factors、the long division of two complex polynomials、the differentiation of two complicated polynomials and the derivations of the complicated partial fraction variables. To solve these shortcomings of the existing traditional approaches, we have successfully proposed more simple theorems to solve the discrete-time solution with shorter time than the traditional methods. In order to demonstrate the practical value of this study, we utilize the proposed results for solving the famous recurrence equations in the circuit theory、the discrete mathematics and the economic cybernetics in population prediction.

The recent outbreak of the highly contagious corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by the novel coronavirus SARS CoV-2 has created a global health crisis with socio economic impacts. There is no clinically approved vaccine or drug for its prevention or treatment. Therefore, there is an urgent need for the discovery of efficacious drugs. In this study, a number of quinoline and quinazoline alkaloids with antiviral and\\or antimalarial activity were virtually screened against three potential targets for development of drugs against COVID- 19. Among seventy- one tested compounds, twenty- three were selected for molecular docking based on their pharmacokinetic and toxicity profiles. The results identified a number of potential inhibitors. Three of them, namely Norquinadoline A, Deoxytryptoquivaline and Deoxynortryptoquivaline, showed strong binding to the three targets; SARS-CoV-2 main protease, spike glycoprotein and human Angiotensin enzyme 2. These alkaloids thereforehave promise being taken forward and tested in vitro and in vivo to prove their effectiveness and mechanism of action(s) thereafter.

In applied sciences, singular boundary value problems are used to describe various models with applications in engineering and other areas. Nanofluids is a rich field of such singular problems, where several phenomena are expressed as singular ordinary differential equations of second-order. Generally, obtaining analytic solutions of such kind of problems is a challenge due to the singularity involved in the governing equations. In this paper, a generalized singular boundary value problem is analyzed. The solution of such class is investigated through several theorems and lemmas. In addition, the theoretical results are invested to construct several solutions for various problems in the literature. Moreover, the published results are recovered as special cases of our analysis. The current work is of great benefit, not only for researchers in both pure and applied differential equations, but also for researchers in fluid mechanics.

There is no denying the fact that the current poor pesticides safety performance in Nigeria is as a result of the defective issues surrounding it. One of the most common causes of death from pesticides is carelessness in the application. Spray applicators frequently ignore recommended procedures and cover themselves with the pesticides they are using. Most of the exposure is dermal. Pray droplets are too large to be easily inhaled. Protective clothing is uncomfortable to wear, especially in warm weather, when most applications take place. As Pesticides become an important and growing component of the 21st century that has been widely adopted globally to control pests, diseases, weeds and other plant pathogens, in an effort to reduce or eliminate yield losses and maintain high product quality.

It is very important to deliver good quality software in specified time limit. The requirements of the user should be met. However there are many reasons for the late delivery of the software projects. A few of them are: improper time schedules, technical issues, changing customer requirements, miscommunication amongst team members, failure to analyse the risks involved, and underrating of resources like man cost, power, effort, etc. Since with changing times the size, complexity of the software have also changed, it is very essential to analyse the software requirement and check for its feasibility. In order to efficiently produce a good software product we propose a PSO-ACO Hybrid algorithm to calculate and analyse the scheduling process. The main goal of our work is to do the scheduling and rescheduling model in which optimal strategies could be computed with reasonable complexity. In this idea, the following work related to our model and approach is reported. One, is proposing a software project scheduling/rescheduling framework which supports staffing, and the other, is applying a hybrid approach based on a Particle Swarm Optimization and Ant Colony Optimization considering both efficiency and stability.

Carrot is one of the most important root vegetables grown extensively in about 125 countries of the world. China is the largest producer of carrot followed by Russia, USA, Uzbekistan, Poland, Ukraine, UK, Turkey, Japan and France. Carrot root is rich in carotenoids and phenolic acids with an appreciable amount of several other bioactive compounds having significant health-promoting properties. The consumption of fresh carrot and its products is increasing steadily due to its recognition as an important source of natural antioxidants. Carotenoids help in preventing heart diseases, improve vision, help in reducing blood sugar and reduce colon cancer. However, due to seasonal and perishable nature of carrot, it is not possible to make it readily available throughout the year. Improved post-harvest handling practices and value-addition by processing during the main growing season is an important alternative. In view of the nutritional and therapeutic importance and its abundant availability particularly during the winter season, the post-harvest researchers must suggest viable alternatives for its profitable use. Efforts have been made to review the information available on this very important root vegetable for the benefit of the researchers and the consumers.

Resilience is a concept that, along with sustainable development, has been at the forefront of international, national and urban programs around the world. It is necessary to study the issue of resilience in Iran, with its biodiversity, cultural, ethnic, climatic, diverse resources and characteristics, and rich history and its various challenges from different perspectives. Addressing this issue in today\'s development discourse in Iran has a special need, especially vulnerable contexts, including informal settlements, which is a growing phenomenon throughout the world. Informal settlements are an important part of world life, with the United Nations predicting that by 2050, half of the world\'s population will live in these areas. Issues such as civil war, drought, destruction of farms and forests and natural resources, climate change and natural and man-made disasters have exacerbated the poverty of migrations resulting from them, resulting in the formation of informal settlements for access to affordable housing and faster employment. Has found. Urban managers and professionals face complex issues that capacity building to address is a matter of resilience expertise; that is, the factors of formation and development of their informal settlements are among the challenges of resilience, and therefore both fields have many commonalities.